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In medical research, epidemiology, social science, and biology, a cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence...

In computer science and operations research, approximation algorithms are efficient algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems...

Belief propagation, also known as sum–product message passing, is a message-passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian...

In signal processing, specifically control theory, bounded-input, bounded-output (BIBO) stability is a form of stability for signals and systems that take...

Fitness approximation aims to approximate the objective or fitness functions in evolutionary optimization by building up machine learning models based...

Quantitative methods provide the primary research methods for studying the distribution and causes of crime. Quantitative methods provide numerous ways...

Mode choice analysis is the third step in the conventional four-step transportation forecasting model of transportation planning, following trip distribution...

In mathematics, the discrete Poisson equation is the finite difference analog of the Poisson equation. In it, the discrete Laplace operator takes the place...

Random number tables have been used in statistics for tasks such as selected random samples. This was much more effective than manually selecting the random...

Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the statistical description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. The following...

In cryptography, the Niederreiter cryptosystem is a variation of the McEliece cryptosystem developed in 1986 by Harald Niederreiter. It applies the same...

The network probability matrix describes the probability structure of a network based on the historical presence or absence of edges in a network. For...

In computability theory, course-of-values recursion is a technique for defining number-theoretic functions by recursion. In a definition of a function...

In cryptography, ciphertext stealing (CTS) is a general method of using a block cipher mode of operation that allows for processing of messages that are...

The McGehee transformation was introduced by Richard McGehee to study the triple collision singularity in the n-body problem. The transformation blows...