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Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectrum. In narrower contexts, spectroscopy is the precise study of color...

Diamond enhancements are specific treatments, performed on natural diamonds (usually those already cut and polished into gems), which are designed to improve...

In fluid dynamics and turbulence theory, Reynolds decomposition is a mathematical technique used to separate the expectation value of a quantity from its...

In physics, the Dember effect is when the electron current from a cathode ( I 3 ) {\displaystyle (I_{3})} subjected to both illumination and a simultaneous...

In laser science, regenerative amplification is a process used to generate short but strong pulses of laser light. It is based on a pulse trapped in a...

In theoretical physics, a non-abelian gauge transformation means a gauge transformation taking values in some group G, the elements of which do not obey...

The Hopkinson effect is a feature of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials, in which an increase in magnetic susceptibility is observed at temperatures...