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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Thompsts (talk | contribs) at 02:54, 20 April 2021 (added information about male prostitution). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Sections to work on

-Foreign Prostitutes
-Why there were so many arrests between 1996-97 and why the number dropped in 1998
-Types and venues
-Xinjiang
-Male prostitution

After reading “Prostitution in China,” I would add information to:

  • Add a section about Male Prostitution/Gay Prostitutes
  • Business-wise
  • Socially -> homophobia
  • The sex industry in general
  • Possibly put information under the HIV/AIDS -> perceptions of same-sex couples spreading HIV
  • Write how homophobia manifests itself in the People’s Republic of China
  • Mainland China = “official homophobia”
  • Denial of gay rights
  • Li Ning
  • He was fined 60,000 yuan and sentenced to 8 years of jail after being caught organizing gay prostitution services
  • Landmark case -> first conviction in history allegedly
  • Controversial for three reasons
  • caused legal debate about China’s “rule of law” and people’s rights
  • Men who engage in homosexual acts are not necessarily homosexual -> homosocial (forgotten about in China’s sex industry)
  • How to “handle” gay sex/contact in a country with rapidly increasing HIV/AIDS infections
  • Put information about gay sex under Legal Responses
  • Can also add to who the clients were
  • Argument about why prostitution returned to China during the reform movement -> reform brought economic prosperity
  • Women suffered from job loss in post-Maoist China -> “don’t laugh at the prostitutes”
  • Can add to STDs section -> “The Consequences of Chinese Prostitution”
  • Rise of HIV in China and how big of an issue STDs have been
  • Eliminating the transient population eases worries about STDs

Male Prostitution

  • Li Ning
  • Male prostitution and men’s role in the sex industry seem to be less of a focus in the People’s Republic of China. This may be due to the stigma surrounding gay sex and same-sex contact. On October 17, 2004, Li Ning was convicted of organizing homosexual prostitution services, resulting in a fine of 60,000 yuan and 8 years in jail. The Nanjing City native’s unprecedented conviction commanded international attention, gathering controversy for three major reasons. First, it sparked conversation about the concept of being homosocial—performing sexual acts with someone of the same sex while not identifying as homosexual. Second, the new Chinese legal process came under fire, “rule of law,” as well as their perceptions or violations of individual and sexual rights. Third, it raised questions about how to address homosexual contact in connection to the rise in positive cases of HIV/AIDS.

Ning and his partners were arrested on August 17, 2003 in connection with reports of organizing prostitution, profiting off of requests for male “companionship.” Clients of the Zhengqi Bar generated an estimated 124,700 yuan, but many of the men responding to Ning’s ads were heterosexual and unaware of the line of work they were about to enter. Ning allegedly opened many bars that offered sexual services and was paid a commission by the patrons. Due to the shocking nature of the allegations against Ning and underlying homophobia, the courtroom hearing was closed to the public and journalists beginning on February 6, 2004. After spending a month in custody, Ning was released but convicted less than two weeks later for seven counts of organizing prostitution.

  • The controversy surrounding his sentence is rooted in the fact that there is no specified gender in the Chinese criminal code on the topic of prostitution, therefore same-sex prostitution did not carry a different penalty.

A debate in the media followed Ning’s conviction about whether it was unlawful or not due to the local officials seeking advice from higher authorities, and if that impacted his ability to appeal.


Notes and references

  1. ^Hershatter, Gail. Women and China's Revolutions. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 131-134. ISBN 978-1-4422-1569-6.

Sources

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