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Muhammad Fâdil ben Mâmîn

Mohammad Fâdil ben Mâmîn is a Moorish sheikh, born in February 1797 in Hodh Ech Chargui Region (current Mauritania), died in 1869 in the same region, is a saint and a Sufi, a great figure of Islam in West Africa , he the founder of the fadiliyya current within the Sufi brotherhood of Qadiriyya. He is the father of Sheikh Ma El Ainin and Sheikh Saad Bouh.

Biography

Born in 1797 in the region of Hodh, Mohammad Fadil is the son of Mohammad al-Amîn grandson of at-Tâlib Akhyâr descendant of a lineage of sherif related to aj-Jîh al-Mukhtâr. He is the founder of the Moorish tribe of Ahl at-Tâlib.

According to his hagiography ad-Diyyâ 'al-mustabîn fi karâmât Shaykh Mohammad Fâdil ben Mâmîn, Mohammad Fadil learned the Koran at the age of five from Mohammad al-Mokhtâr ben Lahbûs ben Abu Bakr, he also learned biographical accounts (as -sîra) of Prophets and Saints (al-'awliyâ). At the age of seven, he began his mystical initiation with his father Mohammed al-Amin who would teach him for eight years the secrets of initiation (’asrâr) and the hikam (magic formulas).

He subsequently founded his own tarîqa (current) within the Qadiriyya brotherhood, which combines two principles: the first principle brings together different practices and mystical references, in particular trance (jadhb), this brotherhood practice was already widespread in the game. north of the Kingdom of Morocco beyond the anti-Atlas but until this time, they were not diffused in the brotherly Islam of the Saharan regions to the south of Oued Noun (bilâd al bidân), even they were strongly condemned by the Fakir (fuqahâ) as by the heads of the brotherhoods, however the heirs of Mohammed Fadil justified these practices by recalling that they already existed in the time of the Prophet. The other principle was the repetition of the invocations (dhikr) aloud, according to Ma El Ainin in his work al-'Aynayn hujjat al-murîd fi 'ijhâr bi al-'alâ al-murîd this practice also attracted to the Fâdiliyya of many criticisms from the fakirs and brotherhood leaders.

He had forty-eight sons including the famous Cheikh Ma El Ainin and Cheikh Saad Bouh, he will teach exoteric knowledge in the first and esoteric in the second and will ask that the latter disseminate his knowledge, Cheikh Ma El Ainin will settle in Morocco between Saguia el-Hamra and Sousse, while Cheikh Saad Bouh will settle in Adrar in current Mauritania. Many tribes will follow the Fadiliyya tariqa through present-day Morocco, Mauritania and Senegal.

He is also the grandfather of Ahmed al-Hiba and Merebbi Rebbu, leaders resistant to the French and Spanish colonial power in the Kingdom of Morocco.