Hispaniolan crossbill
| Hispaniolan crossbill | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Genus: | Loxia |
| Species: | L. megaplaga
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| Binomial name | |
| Loxia megaplaga Riley, 1916
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The Hispaniolan crossbill (Loxia megaplaga) is a crossbill that is endemic to the island of Hispaniola (split between Haiti and the Dominican Republic), and the only representative of the Loxia genus in the Caribbean.
Taxonomy & evolution
It was formerly regarded as conspecific with the two-barred crossbill (L. leucoptera), from which it is now assumed it evolved.
There is general acceptance that the origin of the L. megaplaga can be traced to southern populations of L. leucoptera. These got stranded on the highest pine-forested mountains in Hispaniola (the highest in all of the Caribbean) when the glaciers and vast temperate coniferous forests started receding northward after end of the last glacial period at the beginning of the Holocene, some 10,000 years ago. The distance that now separates both species is of thousands of kilometers (from the Caribbean to the northern U.S. and Canada), making the story of the Hispaniolan crossbill an interesting one from an ecological and environmental point of view. This isolation is similar to that of the rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), whose native range stretches from southern Mexico as far south as Cape Horn, and is also absent from all Caribbean islands except Hispaniola.
Ecology
The bird feeds almost exclusively on the seeds of the Hispaniolan pine tree (Pinus occidentalis) cones.
Conservation
Because of its restricted range, small population size, and reliance on threatened pine forest, this species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature).[2] The population is highly fragmented and is currently thought to be declining, primarily due to increased agricultural clearance and habitat loss. The mature population, which is thought to range somewhere between 400 - 2300 individuals, is concentrated primarily in the Sierra de Baoruco National Park, which lacks any active protection.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Loxia megaplaga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22720651A177906022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22720651A177906022.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/hiscro/overview
- Dod, Annabelle Stockton (1978). Aves de la República Dominicana. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
- Dod, A. S. (1992). Endangered and Endemic Birds of the Dominican Republic. Cypress House ISBN 1-879384-12-4
External links
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