Human platelet antigen
Human Platelet Antigens (HPA) are polymorphisms in platelet antigens which cause antibodies against alloantibodies (antibodies agains other people's platelets).These antibodies cause neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion purpura and refractoriness to infusion of donor platelets.
A nomenclature was devised by International Society of Bone-marrow Transplantation (ISBT), platelet working party to overcome problems generated by many different nomenclatures in use. Since inception of this list, a greater number of antigens have been described and the molecular basis of many has been resolved.
To date, 24 platelet-specific alloantigens have been defined by immune sera, of which 12 are grouped in six biallelic systems (HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -15). For the remaining 12, alloantibodies against the thetical but not the antithetical antigen have been observed. The molecular basis of 22 of the 24 serologically de?ned antigens has been resolved. In all but one of the 22, the difference between self and non-self is defned by a single amino acid substitution generally caused by a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).
| System | Antigen | Original names | Glycoprotein | CD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPA-1 | HPA-1a | 1aZw | GPIIIa | CD61 |
| HPA-1b | Zwb | GPIIIa | CD |
References
P. Metcalfe, N. A. Watkins, W. H. Ouwehand, C. Kaplan, P. Newman, R. Kekomaki, M. de Haas, R. Aster, Y. Shibata, J. Smith, V. Kiefel, S. Santoso (2003) Nomenclature of human platelet antigens. Vox Sanguinis 85 (3), 240–245.