John William Nixon
John William Nixon, MBE (1880 – 11 May 1949), was a unionist politician and police leader in Northern Ireland who was alleged to be responsible for several sectarian atrocities, including the McMahon killings and the Arnon Street killings. It was widely believed that Nixons "murder gang" within the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) hunted down and murdered Catholics as reprisals for the killing of police.[1]
Born and raised in Graddum, a townland located between the village of Kilnaleck and the hamlet of Crosskeys in County Cavan, Nixon became a district inspector in the RIC, and transferred to its successor in the then newly created region of Northern Ireland, the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). By 1922, he was responsible for controlling access to the Roman Catholic Ardoyne and "Bone" areas of Belfast, and worked closely with the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC).
Irish nationalist writer and activist Michael Farrell has alleged that during this period he led the Cromwell Club, an unofficial organisation of security officials responsible for killing several Catholic civilians.[2] These allegations have not been independently confirmed and during his lifetime Nixon successfully sued The Derry Journal and a book publisher for libel. Nixon was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1923 "... for services rendered by him during the troubled period."
In 1924, Nixon, long a member of the Orange Order, made a political speech at an Orange lodge. This contravened RUC regulations, and he was dismissed on the orders of Sir James Craig, the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.[2]
Nixon was elected to Belfast Corporation as an Independent Unionist, but at the 1925 Northern Ireland general election, he stood unsuccessfully as an Ulster Unionist Party candidate in Belfast North. In 1929, running once again as an Independent Unionist, he was narrowly elected as the MP for Belfast Woodvale.[3] From September 1932 until the 1933 election, he was the only opposition MP attending the Parliament. Around this time, he joined the Ulster Protestant League, an organisation with a reputation for anti-Catholicism.[2]
Nixon held his seat until his death in 1949, denying the murder allegations against him until the end of his life.
References
- ^ Moore, Cormac, (2019), Birth of the Border, Merrion Press, Newbridge, pgs 92-93, ISBN 9781785372933
- ^ a b c Michael Farrell, Northern Ireland: The Orange State
- ^ "Northern Ireland Parliamentary Elections Results: Biographies". Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
- 1880 births
- 1949 deaths
- Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1929–1933
- Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1933–1938
- Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1938–1945
- Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1945–1949
- Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1949–1953
- Independent members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland
- Politicians from County Cavan
- Royal Irish Constabulary officers
- Royal Ulster Constabulary officers
- Members of the Order of the British Empire
- Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for Belfast constituencies
- Police officers from County Cavan