Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg
Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg | |
---|---|
Born | 21 November 1865 Bobitz, Mecklenburg, Kingdom of Prussia |
Died | 19 May 1939 Nazi Germany | (aged 73)
Allegiance | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Service/ | Army |
Years of service | 1888–1919 |
Rank | Generalmajor SS-Obergruppenführer |
Commands | Garde du Corps Chief of Staff Guards Corps Chief of Staff 5th Army Chief of Staff 6th Army Chief of Staff Army Group German Crown Prince |
Battles/wars | World War I |
Awards | Pour le Mérite with oak leaves |
Spouse(s) | Freda-Marie Gräfin von Arnim |
Children | Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg |
Friedrich Bernhard Karl Gustav Ulrich Erich Graf von der Schulenburg (21 November 1865 - 19 May 1939) was a Prussian General during World War I and a member of the Nazi Party during the inter-war period.
Life
Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg was born on 21 November 1865 as the second son of Count Werner von der Schulenburg (1832-1880) and his wife, Countess Marie Cäcilie von Maltzahn (1843-1900).[1] Schulenburg entered the army in 1888 as part of the 2nd Guards Uhlans. On 13 December 1888, Schulenburg was appointed Second Lieutenant. In 1890, Schulenburg was attached to the Life Guards. He spent time in the Prussian Staff College. In 1895, Schulenburg became Premier Lieutenant. In 1900, Schulenburg joined the German General Staff. He was considered a capable general staff officer. In 1900, Schulenburg became Hauptmann. From 1902 to 1906 he was part of the military attaches in London. In 1907, Schulenburg was promoted to Major. On 18 February 1913, Schulenburg became the commander of the Life Guards and Aide-de-camp of Wilhelm II. On 2 September 1913, Schulenburg was promoted to Oberstlieutenant.[2]
At the outbreak of World War I, Schulenburg became the Chief of Staff of the Guards Corps commanded by Karl von Plettenberg. Schulenburg participated on the Western Front as part of the Guard Corps, which is part of the 2nd Army. In 1915, Schulenburg became Oberst. In 1916, Schulenburg became the Chief of Staff of the 5th Army replacing Konstantin Schmidt von Knobelsdorf, who held extremist political views. For a while, Schulenburg was the Chief of Staff of the 6th Army of Ludwig von Falkenhausen.[3] In October 1916, he joined Crown Prince Wilhelm as Chief of Staff at the headquarters of the Army Group German Crown Prince. The two developed Operation Alberich which gave Germany some hope of winning the war.[1] On 12 April 1917, Schulenburg received the Pour le Mérite. He added oak leaves on 23 March 1918. In June 1918, Schulenburg became General Major. Schulenburg advised Wilhelm II to abdicate his title of German Emperor but keep the title of King of Prussia. He also advised Wilhelm II to order the army to fight against the revolutionary forces.[1]
After the war, Schulenburg retired from the army in May 1919. He lived in his estate, Mecklenburg. Schulenburg later joined the Nazi Party. From 1924 to 1928, he was a member of the Reichstag. He still remained friendly with Wilhelm, German Crown Prince and had some profound political conversation.[4] In December 1931, Schulenburg joined the Nazi Party. His number was 852,947. In 1933, Schulenburg joined Sturmabteilung. After the Weimar Republic fell, Schulenburg was a member of Reichstag again.[5] Since he had a good relationship with Kurt von Schleicher, he advised Hitler as liaison to the Reichswehr but he was not effective. From 1934 to 1936, Schulenburg was part of the Sturmabteilung as a staff officer. He also served as a member of the Reichstag from 1934 until his death.[2] Before his death, Schulenburg was promoted to Obergruppenführer.[6] He died on 19 May 1939. Adolf Hitler attended his funeral to meet with Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, Schulenburg's son, who later joined the resistance.[1]
Family
On 21 July 1897, Schulenburg married Freda-Marie Gräfin von Arnim (1873-1939). They had 6 children:
- Johann Albrecht (1898–1944)
- Wolf-Werner (1899–1944), SA-Brigadeführer
- Adolf-Heinrich (1901-1940) SA-Obersturmführer
- Fritz-Dietlof (1902-1944)
- Elisabeth (1903–2001)
- Wilhelm (1904–1936)
Awards
The following are the orders that Von der Schulenburg received:[7]
German States
- Order of the Crown 3rd Class
- Order of Saint John
- Service award
- Order of the Red Eagle 2nd Class
- Pour le Mérite with Oak Leaves
- Iron Cross (1914) 1st and 2nd Class
- Golden Party Badge on 1 April 1938[8]
References
- ^ a b c d "Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg". prussianmachine.com. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
- ^ a b Biographie, Deutsche. "Schulenburg, Friedrich Graf von der - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 2022-01-08.
- ^ von Dellmensingen, Konrad Krafft (1930). Das Bayernbuch vom Weltkriege. p. 192.
- ^ Stresemann, Gustav (1975). Das Reich zerfiel, die Reichen blieben. Deutschlands Geld- und Machtelite (in German). Munich. p. 139.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ernst, Klee (2005). Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. p. 565. ISBN 3-596-16048-0.
- ^ Bergien, Rüdiger (2015-03-10). Die bellizistische Republik: Wehrkonsens und "Wehrhaftmachung" in Deutschland 1918-1933 (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 146. ISBN 978-3-486-70549-2.
- ^ Mittler, Ernst Siegfried (1914). Kriegsministerium (in German). Berlin. p. 353.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Patzwall, Klaus D. (2004). Das Goldene Parteiabzeichen und seine Verleihungen ehrenhalber 1934-1944 (in German). Patzwall. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-931533-50-2.
- 1865 births
- 1939 deaths
- Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
- Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
- Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
- German Army generals of World War I
- Major generals of Prussia
- Nobility in the Nazi Party
- Counts in Germany
- SS-Obergruppenführer
- Military personnel from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
- Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
- Schulenburg family