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Femeiche

Coordinates: 51°44′43.7″N 6°51′43.4″E / 51.745472°N 6.862056°E / 51.745472; 6.862056
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51°44′43.7″N 6°51′43.4″E / 51.745472°N 6.862056°E / 51.745472; 6.862056

Femeiche in Erle

The Femeiche, formerly known as Rabenseiche, Ravenseiche, or Erler Eiche, located in Erle within the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Borken, is one of Germany's oldest oaks, estimated to be between 600 and 850 years old.[1] This English oak (Quercus robur) stands near the parish church. Feme courts were held beneath this oak until the 16th century, making it the oldest and most renowned court tree in Central Europe.[2] For more than a century, this oak tree has been designated a natural monument due to its age,[3] lightning strikes, storms, and human impact. The trunk has been hollow for about 250 years and consists only of sapwood.[4] The trunk shell, supported by poles, encompasses a hollow space with an almost three-meter diameter.[1]

Location

The village of Erle is situated on the edge of the Westmünsterland, at the crossroads of the Franconian Rhineland and the Saxon Hamaland, in a typical heathland landscape within the Hohe Mark-Westmünsterland Nature Park, three kilometers southeast of Raesfeld on the B 224 highway. This oak tree stands on the southwestern outskirts of the village, adjacent to a new development area, and is situated next to Erle's oldest house, the historic pastorate. The oak tree's elevation is approximately 60 meters above sea level.[5]

Description

Femeiche with wooden supports

The trunk of the oak has been extensively hollowed out and is mostly destroyed, with only three trunk sections still intact and joining at a height of approximately four meters. Notably, the oak exhibits a strong southwest-leaning inclination, against the primary wind direction.[5] Due to the sloping growth, the sap flow paths on the slanting side were constricted at the base of the trunk, resulting in approximately one-third of the circumference of the trunk dying. In 1965, during renovations, the deceased trunk sections were removed. Presently, the trunk comprises only the outer sections of the sapwood, including the cambium, bast, and bark, some of which are curled inward. The heartwood has disappeared. The tree's former large branches exist only as remnants, as they broke off many centuries ago due to storms and lightning strikes. Over time, more branches have detached from the increasingly deteriorating supporting trunk.[6]

The remaining trunk now forms a secondary crown, supported by several wooden poles, some resting on stone slabs, preventing the tree from falling.[7] This lower-set, unilaterally spreading secondary crown consists of multiple branching branches. It is well-leafy in summer and has a rich flower and fruit set.[8] As of 2005, the tree stood at a height of eleven meters with a crown diameter of eight meters.[9]

Trunk girth

In 1989, the oak's trunk circumference, measured at a height of one meter, reached twelve meters. According to the Deutschen Baumarchiv (German Tree Archive), which considers the trunk circumference at one meter as the primary selection criterion, these measurements categorize the oak as exceeding the lower threshold for National Bedeutsamen Bäume (NBB) (Nationally significant trees).[10] If the trunk were fully preserved, it would have a circumference of approximately 14 meters,[9] making it the thickest oak in Germany. Historically, the strongest oak in Germany was the Dagobertseiche in Dagobertshausen, Hesse, with a trunk circumference of 14.86 meters at a height of one meter in 1851;[11] however, the last remnants of this tree disappeared around 1900. Reports from 1892 indicated a trunk diameter at breast height of about 4.5 meters,[9] and in 1902, the trunk's circumference at man-height was recorded at 12.5 meters.[10] By 1927, the circumference had expanded to 14 meters.[1]

Age

Natural monument “Erler Femeiche”. 1000-year-old oak tree in Erle, a district of the municipality of Raesfeld in Münsterland. The community of Raesfeld is located in the “Hohe Mark” nature park.
Femeiche near alder around 1900

The age of the oak tree presents a wide range of estimates. Due to the absence of the oldest wood from the center of the trunk, traditional methods like annual ring counting and radiocarbon dating cannot be applied.[12] Therefore, the oak's age can only be roughly estimated based on trunk circumference and historical records.[13]

Recent findings suggest that the oak is likely between 600 and 850 years old, potentially making it the oldest oak in Germany.[14] In 2008, the Deutsche Baumarchiv (German Tree Archive) provided an age estimate of 600 to 850 years, with the lower figure attributed to Bernd Ullrich and the higher figure to the Deutsche Baumarchiv (German Tree Archive). This estimate is derived from research on the annual increment in the circumference of old oaks, approximately 1.8 centimeters,[15] based on the reconstructed trunk circumference of the oak, which measures 14 meters. In the region, annual ring counts of oaks up to 450 years old showed yearly circumference increases of 1.5 to 1.7 centimeters. Based on these values, the oak could be about 800 to 900 years old.[16]

Other estimates of age range from 1000,[17][18] 1300[9] to 1500 years.[19][20][21] These estimates are mainly based on historical tradition. Böckenhoff wrote in 1966: "Since one set free chairs at excellent places, they then no longer moved, the oak, when one set up the chair, probably at the time of Charlemagne, must have already been a mighty tree. According to this, it would be about 1500 years old today."[21] One reason for the oak's great age could be that it was the first in the region to unfurl its leaves. The oak moth, a foliage pest, has not been able to harm it so far, as it only develops after the other oaks have sprouted.[1]

Natural monument

Femeiche with alder
Information board about the proclamation as a national heritage tree

The Femeiche, designated as I.J. 1, received the status of a natural monument on July 1, 1996. It is listed with the Unteren Landschaftsbehörde (ULB) (Lower Landscape Authority) based on an ordinance from the district of Borken, which is responsible for its protection and maintenance.[22] As a natural monument, structural installations, excavations, and fills in its vicinity are strictly prohibited, providing the oak with the highest level of protection.[23] The tree became part of the district of Borken in 1975 due to municipal reorganization, having previously been under the jurisdiction of the Dorsten office in the Recklinghausen district, where it was first listed as a natural monument on April 12, 1954.[24] The oak had already received protection around 1900.

In October 2021, the Board of Trustees for National Heritage Trees of the German Dendrological Society declared the Erler Femeiche as the twelfth National Heritage Tree. This designation marks the oak as the first National Heritage Tree in the Westmünsterland region and in North Rhine-Westphalia.[25]

Additionally, another tree, the Pius oak, planted on June 16, 1871, has been registered as a natural monument in Erle since 1996.[26]

History

The old name Ravenseiche and the name of the area, Aßenkamp, suggest a connection to Germanic mythology. The raven is a symbol associated with the Germanic god of the dead and war, Odin, and the Aces were Germanic deities. Landscape architect Anette Lenzing, in her book Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland (Court Lime Trees and Thing Places in Germany), has suggested that the Femeiche may have been used as a court site (Thing) in Germanic times.[27] However, it remains uncertain whether the current Femeiche or a predecessor oak stood in the same spot during that time. According to one legend, the god Odin himself served as a judge under the oak, with his two ravens, Hugin and Munin, perched on the branches of the tree.[5]

Feme Courts

Root view

The Freistuhl, also known as the Erler Femgericht, met under the oak tree called "den vryen Stoel tum Aßenkampe" during the late Middle Ages when it held its greatest authority. At this Freistuhl, which was a large stone slab, the free counts, along with six assessors, conducted trials based on Emperor Charlemagne's laws for serious crimes like murder, robbery, arson, and perjury. A guilty verdict consistently resulted in the death penalty by hanging. Until 1335, the court was under the control of the lord of the see of Heiden and had jurisdiction over the parishes of Erle, Raesfeld, Alt-Schermbeck, and the Dorsten districts of Rhade and Holsterhausen north of Lippe. In 1335, the lord of the sea pledged his free county to the Count of Cleve, and by 1375, the lord of Raesfeld Castle held the Freigrafschaft.[28]

Drawing of the feme oak near Erle

One notable historical record from 1441 documents Baron Bernt de Duiker condemning Gert von Diepenbrock and two of his servants under the oak tree for the murder of a juryman. They were declared outlaws in absentia.[29] This record is the oldest known written reference to the oak tree, found in a letter in the city archives of Bocholt from 1441. In this letter, it is stated that Bernd the Ducker, Free Count of Heiden, disowned Gerd Deipenbroik and his servants, demanding that all freemen of the Holy Roman Empire hang them on the first tree because they had murdered two freemen.[30] There is also talk of the "Vrygenstole tor Ravenseick" and the "Vryenstoel ten Hassenkampe by Erler.[31]

In 1442, the power of the Feme courts was severely restricted by the Imperial Diet, so they lost importance. Another court hearing survives from 1543.[32] Feme court was held under the oak tree until 1589.[33] In the 16th century, the Feme court had to relinquish a large part of its jurisdiction with the strengthening of the sovereignty of the Prince-Bishop of Münster and was dissolved at the end of the 18th century.[28] The stone slab of the free chair was erected as a monument at the bridge near Dorsten; in 1945, British soldiers threw it into the river.[20]

Historical lore

Alder map
Femeiche in alder, information board

The main crown of the oak likely broke out in the 17th century, and over the centuries, the present crown gradually formed.[5] The absence of the central trunk allowed water to penetrate the tree, leading to wood decay and the formation of a cavity. Around the year 1750, after the tree had been attacked by fungus, Pastor de Weldige took action to ensure its survival. He treated the diseased tree with sharp tools, scraped out the rotten middle section, and created a narrow, man-high entrance.[5] The parish chronicle of Erle describes this event:[34]

"Around 1750 the hollow was still insignificant; we hear around this time that it cost the little son of the neighbouring Zellers Tellmann a great deal of effort to crawl in to get out the eggs that the pastor's ducks used to lay there. Pastor de Weldige is then said to have had the tree hollowed out and an entrance made to it."

— Pfarrchronik Erle

The village chronicle of Erle reports several incidents in the hollow oak tree in the first half of the 19th century. District Administrator Devens pinned the Red Eagle Order on the then 81-year-old Pastor Lohede inside the oak tree on 5 July 1814.[35] The cavity created during a maneuver in the Erler Heide on September 26, 1819, was so large that the Crown Prince of Prussia, later King Frederick William IV, had 36 fully equipped infantrymen placed inside the oak tree.[35] Beforehand, the crown prince and his generals von Haacke and von Thielemann took their breakfast in the oak tree at a laid table. When the Bishop of Münster came to Erle for confirmation, the oak was festively decorated and a drink was taken inside. On 1 June 1832, after confirmation, Bishop Kaspar Maximilian Droste zu Vischering was led in song to the festively decorated oak tree and refreshed himself there with a glass of wine.[35] Bishop Kaspar Maximilian Droste zu Vischering was received again on 16 July 1842, after he had confirmed 150 children in the parish of Raesfeld the day before.[35] Bishop Johann Georg Müller is also said to have entertained the Landdechanten von Droste-Senden and nine clergymen at a round table in the oak tree for two hours on 11 July 1851 during a confirmation ceremony with his court chaplain. At the time, festivities such as weddings and confirmations also took place in and under the oak tree.[36]

Safeguarding measures

Femeiche in 1890

In a letter dated 11 November 1892 from the Royal District Administrator and Privy Councillor of the Recklinghausen District Committee to the Reverend Karthaus of Erle near Dorsten, there is a mention of a renovation to preserve the ancient oak tree standing on the grounds of the parish of Erle. The letter states:[37]

"The intention is to preserve the ancient oak standing on the grounds of the parish of Erle as far as possible, which purpose can be achieved if the oak or the rest of it is adequately supported as soon as possible, surrounded with iron straps or the branches are fastened with wire & the tree itself is surrounded with a lattice. The Antiquities Society will possibly have the work carried out and manage it, while the not-inconsiderable costs are to be borne in part by the district committee here. In informing Your Reverence of this, I ask that you also take an interest in the matter and contribute to its implementation."

— Royal District Councillor, Privy Councillor of the Recklinghausen District Committee: 11 November 1892
Femeiche in winter

In 1892, the oak tree received several support beams to prevent it from falling over. The trunk sections were additionally held together by two iron rings.[5] The work was carried out by von Buerbaum, a garden architect in Düsseldorf, along with the forester Joly.[38] According to Albert Weskamp, in 1902, the supporting beams were described as follows: "Since 1892, when the supporting beams penetrated deeper into the earth so that a gap almost a meter high on the slope side disappeared almost completely into the earth, the angle of inclination has been only 60 degrees."[39] Whether supporting beams were present before 1892 is not known. In 1897, tradition holds that 40 members of the forestry association sang a song in the hollow of the oak.[8] In 1927, the top of the tree broke, reducing its height, which had previously been 18 meters.[1]

Redevelopment

Winter view

Before the extensive renovation by arborist Michael Maurer in 1965, he provided a report on the condition of the oak tree. His observations were documented in the local history calendar of the Herrlichkeit Lembeck.[7]

"This oak stands in Erle, in the Weme, near the federal road 224 from Borken to Dorsten; its circumference is 14 metres, the clear width of the trunk tube is about 2.85 metres. The tree is still growing and greening, despite all that has happened to it in a millennium. Lightning, storms and the 'human hand'; nothing could shatter it, destroy it. But it is badly battered, one could almost say 'bent by age'. Well-intentioned, human help has brought him almost to the brink of ruin. [...] Of the once large branches, only the beginnings can be recognised. What foliage remains is new growth. [...] The trunk tube - open on both sides - is crooked. The supports carry it. The bark and wood walls have become so thin that it is to be feared that they can no longer support the rebuilt crown. The wood-destroying fungi sit like a skin on the healthy wood into which they drive their root tips, under the apparently hard, already eaten through, visible wood. The defensive substances in the sap - produced in the leaves - can only reach the trunk walls to a very limited extent. The rings cut off the sap flow and the tree becomes weaker and weaker.

— Michael Maurer: Die Femeiche in Erle – Ein Vorschlag für ihre Erhaltung.

The renovation aimed to ensure that the annual growth on the outside of the tree exceeded the wood loss on the inside, preventing the trunk shells from becoming thinner. The iron ring that had grown into the tree, hindering sap flow, was removed. The arborists cut into the cell layer of the bark to promote sap flow and removed rotten and fungus-infested wood. They indexed the remaining wood, smoothed it, and treated it with fungicide. Three fragments remained, uniting at a height of four meters. The upper part of the tree with scrawny wood was removed, and the cut surfaces were covered with lacquer balsam. The wooden supports from 1892 were replaced by six new ones to protect the secondary crown. Threaded rods with overtubes were added to connect the trunk sections, and the barkless wood was given a water-repellent coating.[40]

The trampled soil around the oak was excavated to a depth of 40cm and replaced with new soil, humus, and tree feed, a special fertilizer with a long-term effect. A layer of gravel was placed on top to aid with soil aeration and irrigation. To alleviate soil compaction, drilling was done down to the alluvial gravel four meters deep. Stepping on the root zone was prohibited to prevent soil compaction. The district of Recklinghausen incurred remediation costs of approximately 20,000 German marks.[41][42]

Further measures

A fence that had been installed for protection at the beginning of the 20th century was removed during the renovation in 1965. In 1986 and 1987,[33] the trunk received further treatment, including the replacement of gravel with water-storing lava granules. Since April 1994, a new fence has been in place to protect the tree, preventing climbing attempts and damage to the branches and twigs. During a storm in May 2000, the oak suffered damage, leading to the pruning of the crown and additional support with three new supports.[43] To commemorate the historical feme courts held under the oak, a granite sculpture was erected outside the fence in the summer of 2006, representing a court table with a hangman's rope and a sword.[36] In 2008, further maintenance efforts were planned to bring the crown up to the trunk's carrying capacity.[44]

Audiobook

Since 2009, there has been an interactive audiobook entitled Die Femeiche (The Fem Oak) from the genre of mystery thriller, which is about the community of Erle and the Femeiche but has nothing to do with the real history of the Femeiche and the village.[45]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Stefan Kühn; Bernd Ullrich; Uwe Kühn. Deutschlands alte Bäume. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München 2007. p. 37. ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9.
  2. ^ Uwe Kühn; Stefan Kühn; Bernd Ullrich. Bäume, die Geschichten erzählen. BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, München 2005. p. 20. ISBN 3-405-16767-1.
  3. ^ Anette Lenzing. Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland. Karl Robert Langewiesche Nachfolger, Heiligenhaus 2005. p. 113. ISBN 3-7845-4520-3.
  4. ^ Gerd Buskamp. "Erle: Erinnerungen unter der Femeiche – Kindheitsgeschichten".
  5. ^ a b c d e f Stefan Kühn; Bernd Ullrich; Uwe Kühn. Deutschlands alte Bäume. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München 2007. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9.
  6. ^ Aloys Bernatzky. Baum und Mensch – Mit Beiträgen von Michael Maurer. Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976. p. 156. ISBN 3-7829-1045-1.
  7. ^ a b Michael Maurer: Die Femeiche in Erle – Ein Vorschlag für ihre Erhaltung. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1965, pp. 18.
  8. ^ a b Hans Joachim Fröhlich. Alte liebenswerte Bäume in Deutschland. Buchholz, Ahlering 2000. p. 130. ISBN 3-926600-05-5.
  9. ^ a b c d Anette Lenzing. Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland. Karl Robert Langewiesche Nachfolger, Heiligenhaus 2005. p. 110. ISBN 3-7845-4520-3.
  10. ^ a b Bernd Ullrich; Stefan Kühn; Uwe Kühn. Unsere 500 ältesten Bäume: Exklusiv aus dem Deutschen Baumarchiv. BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, München 2009. p. 174. ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5.
  11. ^ Uwe Kühn; Stefan Kühn; Bernd Ullrich. Bäume, die Geschichten erzählen. BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, München 2005. p. 38. ISBN 3-405-16767-1.
  12. ^ Hans Joachim Fröhlich. Alte liebenswerte Bäume in Deutschland. Buchholz, Ahlering 2000. p. 22. ISBN 3-926600-05-5.
  13. ^ Michel Brunner. Bedeutende Linden: 400 Baumriesen Deutschlands. Haupt Verlag AG, Bern/Stuttgart/Wien 2007. p. 316. ISBN 978-3-258-07248-7.
  14. ^ Bernd Ullrich; Stefan Kühn; Uwe Kühn. Unsere 500 ältesten Bäume: Exklusiv aus dem Deutschen Baumarchiv. BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, München 2009. ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5.
  15. ^ Bernd Ullrich; Stefan Kühn; Uwe Kühn. Unsere 500 ältesten Bäume: Exklusiv aus dem Deutschen Baumarchiv. BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, München 2009. p. 105. ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5.
  16. ^ This information comes from the Lower Landscape Authority of the district of Borken.
  17. ^ Hans Joachim Fröhlich. Alte liebenswerte Bäume in Deutschland. Buchholz, Ahlering 2000. p. 499. ISBN 3-926600-05-5.
  18. ^ Hans Joachim Fröhlich. Band 4, Nordrhein-Westfalen. In: Wege zu alten Bäumen. WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1992. p. 59. ISBN 3-926181-18-4.
  19. ^ Hartwig Goerss. Unsere Baumveteranen. Landbuch, Hannover 1981. p. 140. ISBN 3-7842-0247-0.
  20. ^ a b Aloys Bernatzky. Baum und Mensch – Mit Beiträgen von Michael Maurer. Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976. p. 155. ISBN 3-7829-1045-1.
  21. ^ a b Jos. Böckenhoff: Die alte Eiche und der Freistuhl zu Erle bei Dorsten. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1966, pp. 26.
  22. ^ "Naturdenkmal Femeiche".
  23. ^ "Natur- und Landschaftsschutzgebiete: Grundinformation".
  24. ^ All information comes from the Lower Landscape Authority of the District of Borken.
  25. ^ "Erler Femeiche in Raesfeld (NRW) wird zwölfter Nationalerbe-Baum | Nationalerbe-Bäume Deutschland" (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  26. ^ Andreas Roloff. "Erler Femeiche in Raesfeld (NRW) wird zwölfter Nationalerbe-Baum".
  27. ^ Anette Lenzing. Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland. Karl Robert Langewiesche Nachfolger, Heiligenhaus 2005. pp. 110–111. ISBN 3-7845-4520-3.
  28. ^ a b Anette Lenzing. Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland. Karl Robert Langewiesche Nachfolger, Heiligenhaus 2005. p. 114. ISBN 3-7845-4520-3.
  29. ^ "Chronik/Gemeinde Raesfeld".
  30. ^ Joseph Niesert: Beiträge zu einem Münsterischen Urkundenbuche aus vaterländischen Archiven. gedruckt mit Coppenrathschen Schriften, Münster 1823, pp. 96
  31. ^ Joseph Niesert: Beiträge zu einem Münsterischen Urkundenbuche aus vaterländischen Archiven. gedruckt mit Coppenrathschen Schriften, Münster 1823, pp. 97.
  32. ^ Hermann-Josef Schwingenheuer: Die Erler Eiche seit 1882. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1982, pp. 39.
  33. ^ a b "1000jährige Femeiche in Raesfeld".
  34. ^ "Erle: Memories under the feme oak".
  35. ^ a b c d Gerd Buskamp. "Erle: Erinnerungen unter der Femeiche – Kindheitsgeschichten".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ a b "Die Erler Femeiche: Vom Gerichtsplatz zum Touristenmagnet".
  37. ^ Anette Lenzing. Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland. Karl Robert Langewiesche Nachfolger, Heiligenhaus 2005. pp. 112–113. ISBN 3-7845-4520-3.
  38. ^ Michael Maurer: Die Femeiche in Erle – Ein Vorschlag für ihre Erhaltung. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1965, pp. 16.
  39. ^ Albert Weskamp: Geschichte des Dorfes Erle und seiner Eiche. Westfälische Vereinsdruckerei, Münster 1902.
  40. ^ Aloys Bernatzky. Baum und Mensch – Mit Beiträgen von Michael Maurer. Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976. pp. 156–158. ISBN 3-7829-1045-1.
  41. ^ Michael Maurer: Die Femeiche in Erle – Ein Vorschlag für ihre Erhaltung. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1965, pp. 16–20.
  42. ^ Hartwig Goerss. Unsere Baumveteranen. Landbuch, Hannover 1981. pp. 57–58. ISBN 3-7842-0247-0.
  43. ^ "Stützen für eine 1000-Jährige: Erler Femeiche trägt zu schwer an ihrer Krone".
  44. ^ "Gut in Schuss: Über 1000-jähriger Femeiche wurde wieder eine Pflegekur gegönnt".
  45. ^ "Die Femeiche".

Further reading

  • Bernd Ullrich; Stefan Kühn; Uwe Kühn, Unsere 500 ältesten Bäume: Exklusiv aus dem Deutschen Baumarchiv, BLV Buchverlag, München 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5.
  • Stefan Kühn; Bernd Ullrich; Uwe Kühn, Deutschlands alte Bäume, BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-8354-0183-9.
  • Anette Lenzing, Gerichtslinden und Thingplätze in Deutschland, Karl Robert Langewiesche Nachfolger, Heiligenhaus 2005, ISBN 3-7845-4520-3.
  • Uwe Kühn; Stefan Kühn; Bernd Ullrich, Bäume, die Geschichten erzählen, BLV Buchverlag, München 2005, ISBN 3-405-16767-1.
  • Christian Pakenham, Bäume: Die 72 größten und ältesten Bäume der Welt, Christian Verlag, München 2005, ISBN 3-88472-673-0.
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich, Alte liebenswerte Bäume in Deutschland, Cornelia Ahlering Verlag, Buchholz 2000, ISBN 3-926600-05-5.
  • Norbert Stuff: Die Femeiche in Raesfeld-Erle: nach über 1000 Jahren vital wie ein junger Baum. Westmünsterland 2000.
  • Gerd Buskamp, Erle: Erinnerungen unter der Femeiche, Sankt Augustin 2000.
  • Hans Joachim Fröhlich, Wege zu alten Bäumen, Band 4, Nordrhein-Westfalen, WDV-Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-926181-18-4.
  • ADAC Verlag (Hrsg.), Der Große ADAC Natur-Reiseführer Deutschland, ADAC Verlag, Turnhout/Belgien 1991, ISBN 3-87003-390-8.
  • Hermann-Josef Schwingenheuer: Die Erler Eiche seit 1882 (Eine Wort- und Bilddokumentation). In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1982, pp. 37–46.
  • Hartwig Goerss, Unsere Baum-Veteranen, Landbuch, Hannover 1981, ISBN 3-7842-0247-0.
  • Aloys Bernatzky, Baum und Mensch – Mit Beiträgen von Michael Maurer, Waltemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-7829-1045-1.
  • Jos. Böckenhoff: Die alte Eiche und der Freistuhl zu Erle bei Dorsten. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1966.
  • Michael Maurer: Die Femeiche in Erle – Ein Vorschlag für ihre Erhaltung. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1965.
  • F. Boerner u. a.: Nr. 58: Jahrbuch 1953/1954 (= Mitteilungen der deutschen dendrologischen Gesellschaft). Darmstadt Selbstverlag der deutschen dendrologischen Gesellschaft.
  • H. F. Schwingenheuer: Das Femegericht unter der Erler Eiche. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1932.
  • Paul Joly: Die Erler Eiche. In: Heimatbund Herrlichkeit Lembeck und Stadt Dorsten e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. 1925, pp. 46–49.
  • Albert Weskamp, Geschichte des Dorfes Erle und seiner Eiche, Westfälische Vereinsdruckerei, Münster 1902.
  • Joseph Niesert: Beiträge zu einem Münsterischen Urkundenbuche aus vaterländischen Archiven. gedruckt mit Coppenrathschen Schriften, Münster 1823.
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