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John William Hotson

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John William Hotson (2 May 1869 - 22 August 1957), was an American botanist, professor, researcher, and teacher. He was a graduate of Harvard University (PhD, 1913) and a Professor of Botany at Washington State University. He is a founder of the herbarium at the University of Washington and a pioneer of the systematic study of bulbiliferous anamorphic fungi. He was the first to make a comprehensive study of plant rust in the state of Washington.

Early life

John William Hotson, the son of George Hotson (1824–1918) and Elizabeth Jane Vincent (1830–1924), was born in Innerkip, Ontario. He and Sarah Jane Doak (1874–1958) married in 1911 in Didsbury, Alberta. They had two children, Jean Hotson (1913–1913) and Hugh Howison Hotson (1916–1995), who was a graduate of the University of Washington, completing a PhD in plant pathology at the University of Minnesota.[1]

File:Family of George Hotson.jpg
John William Hotson is seat in the front row on the left. George Hotson (1824-1918) (seated, middle row, third from the left) and Elizabeth Jane Vincent (1830-1924) (seated, middle row, fourth from the left) are parents of John William Hotson.

Education

Hotson received under-graduate (1901) and Master's degrees (1902)[2] from McMaster University (Toronto, Ontario).[3] In 1910, after a year of teaching botany at Pomona College,[3][4] he quit his position with the intention to attend Harvard University for his doctoral studies. At Pomona, he was described as "a fine scholar and an efficient teacher, and it was with regret that his resignation was accepted."[4]

Prior to attending Harvard, Hotson attended, as a graduate student, the University of Chicago, 1902 (summer and fall), Cornell University, 1903 (winter), Teachers' College, Columbia University, 1903 (spring), and Clark University, 1903 (summer).[3] After a period working as an instructor and school principal in Guelph, Ontario, Hotson continued his studies as a graduate student at the University of Chicago, 1906-07 and then at Harvard University (1910). He was awarded a Doctorate in Botany from Harvard University in 1913.[3]

Teaching

A head shot of John William Hotson from about 1900.
John William Hotson, c. 1900

During his time as a graduate student, Hotson had a number of teaching roles, including, Lecturer In Botany, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario (1903–1904), and as a Principal in the MacDonald Consolidated Schools, Guelph, Ontario (1904). Hotson was also an Austen Teaching Fellow in Botany, Harvard University (1907–1908) and Assistant Professor of Botany, Pomona College (1908–1910).[3] As a graduate student at Harvard, Hotson was also an instructor (1910-11).[3]

University of Washington

After graduating from Harvard with his doctorate degree, Hotson was hired, in 1911, as an Instructor in the newly founded Department of Botany at University of Washington, where he was promoted to Assistant Professor of Botany in 1914 and Associate Professor of Botany in 1936. He continued to research and teach until his retirement as a full Professor in 1947.[3] After his retirement he held the position of Research Consultant in the Department of Botany.[5] At his death in 1957, he was a Professor Emeritus of Botany at Washington.[6]

During his tenure at the University of Washington, Hotson took on several roles. The Department of Botany became a separate entity within the school in 1900, and Hotson was one of the first three instructors; the other two being George Rigg and Theodore Christian Frye, the latter becoming Head of the Botany Department in 1903.[7]

Hotson organized the "first fungus herbarium at Washington and many of his specimens are cited in treatments of Agaricus, Amanita, and other genera of agarics."[8] Many of his samples created a basis for the herbarium's collection. He began collecting sample during his field work, which is evidenced in both the herbarium's collection at Washington as well as at the Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries, where many of his samples remain in the collection.[9]

Hotson acted as supervisor of graduate students during his tenure, including University of Washington president, Dr. Henry Schmitz (1952–1958).[10]

Research

John William Hotson's research and publications were primarily on fungi, though, during World War I, Hotson researched the use of Sphagnum moss as a material for surgical dressings, Sphagnum as a surgical dressing,[11] published in Science in 1918.

Other important work included examinations of diseased apple and cereal crops. In the summers of 1914 and 1915, he was employed to examine an outbreak of fire blight in the orchards in the Yakima Valley.[12] This work led to several publications in the journal Phytopathology between 1915 and 1920, including, Collar-rot of apple trees in the Yakima Valley (1920). He was also hired by the US Government to survey cereal diseases in eastern Washington in 1915 as well as white pine blister rust in western Washington in 1922.[7]

His study of rusts, Preliminary list of the Uredinales of Washington, published in 1925, was the "first comprehensive rust classification ever compiled for the state of Washington."[13]

Associations

Hotson served on several professional associations, including as a director on the board of the American Phytopathological Society, Western Division (1936).[14]

Publications

Hotson, J. W. (1936). The Amanitae of Washington. Mycologia, 28, 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1936.12017118

Hotson, J. W. (1920). Collar-rot of apple trees in the Yakima Valley. Phytopathology, 10, 465.

Hotson, J. W. (1912, October). Culture studies of fungi producing bulbils and similar propagative bodies. In Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 227-306). American Academy of Arts & Sciences.[15]

Hotson, J. W. (1934). Key to the Rusts of the Pacific Northwest. (Vol. 3). University of Washington Press.

Hotson, J. W. (1934). Mushroom poisoning in Seattle. Mycologia, 26, 194–195. https://doi.org/10.2307/3754044

Hotson, J. W. (1917). Notes on bulbiferous fungi with a key to described species. Botanical Gazette, 64(4), 265-284.

Hotson, J. W. (1916). Observations on fire blight in the Yakima Valley, Washington. Phytopathology, 6, 288-292.

Hotson, J. W. (1920). Planting and care of shade trees. Northwest Journal of Education, 31, 205-208.

Hotson, J. W. (1925). Preliminary list of the Uredinales of Washington. Puget Sound Biological Station, University of Washington, 4, 273-391.

Hotson, J. W. (1921). Some factors in evergreens in the Puget Sound Region. Ecology, 2(1)

Hotson, J. W. (1918). Sphagnum as a surgical dressing. Science, 48(1235), 203-208.[11]

Hotson, J. W., & Lewis, E. (1934). Amanita pantherina of western Washington. Mycologia, 26, 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1934.12020733

Hotson, J. W., & Rigg, G. B. (1920). Tree surgery. Northwest Journal of Education, 31, 295-299

Hotson, J. W., & Stuntz, D. E. (1938). The genus Agaricus in western Washington. Mycologia, 30, 204–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1938.12017264

Hotson's work continues to be cited - see, for example,

Koukol, O. (2016). Myriococcum revisited: a revision of an overlooked fungal genus. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 302, 957-969.

Petersen, R. H., & Knudsen, H. (2022).  Jakob Emanuel Lange: The man and his mushrooms. MycoKeys, 89, 1.

Yun, H. Y., Hong, S. G., Rossman, A. Y., Lee, S. K., Lee, K. J., & Bae, K. S. (2009). The rust fungus Gymnosporangium in Korea including two new species, G. monticola and G. unicorne. Mycologia,101(6), 790-809. DOI: 10.3852/08-221

Honours

In 1962, faculty, alumni, and friends of Hotson, Rigg, and Frye established the Frye-Hotson-Rigg Award[16] to honour the former professors of Botany at the University of Washington. The award is given to undergraduate Biology students "conducting research using a plant, algae, or fungi system for work in botany, ecology, evolution, taxonomy, environmental science, or biodiversity."[17]

The Crassicarpon hotsonii cellobiose dehydrogenase is named in his honour.[18]

Death

File:Death record of John William Hotson.jpg
Death record of John William Hotson

John William Hotson died on August 22, 1957 at the age of 88. He is buried in Seattle, Washington.[19]

References

  1. ^ Beason, Tyrone (Dec 29, 1995). "Hugh Hotson; His Life Revolved Around Plants And Microbes". The Seattle Times.
  2. ^ Students who will receive them at McMaster Commencement this evening. (1902 May 7). Degrees and Diplomas. The Toronto Star, 2
  3. ^ a b c d e f g n.a. (1915). Catalogue of the University of Washington for 1914·1915 (PDF). Olympia, WA: University of Washington. p. 26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ a b Sumner, Charles Burt (1914). The Story of Pomona College (PDF). Boston: Pilgrim Press. p. 329.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. ^ Bulletin University of Washington, Catalogue Issue 1950-1951. (1950). University of Washington, p. 44. https://www.washington.edu/students/gencat/archive/GenCat1950-51v1.pdf
  6. ^ Bulletin, General Series No. 891. (1955, May). University of Washington, p. 11. https://www.washington.edu/students/gencat/archive/GenCat1955-57v1.pdf
  7. ^ a b Rigg, George B. (1920). "Notes of the history of botany in State of Washington". Washington Historical Quarterly. 20 (3): 168.
  8. ^ Petersen, Ronald H.; Knudsen, Henning (2022). "Jakob Emanuel Lange: The man and his mushrooms". MycoKeys. 89: 1–86. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.89.79064. PMID 36760831.
  9. ^ J. W. Hotson. "Index of Botanical Specimens". Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries.
  10. ^ University of Washington Presidents. (n.d.). University Libraries, University of Washington. https://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/collections/exhibits/presidents/
  11. ^ a b Hotson, J. W. (1918). "Sphagnum as a Surgical Dressing". Science. 48 (1235): 203–208. doi:10.1126/science.48.1235.203. JSTOR 1643432. PMID 17779474 – via JSTOR.
  12. ^ "Yakima Valley Apple Orchards". Washington Apples.
  13. ^ Plant rust study made for State. (1925 December 27). The Tacoma Daily Ledger.
  14. ^ Luck, M. J. (1936). The Seattle Meeting of the Pacific Division. II. The American Association for the Advancement Of Science, p. 170
  15. ^ Hotson, John William (1912). "Culture Studies of Fungi Producing Bulbils and Similar Propagative Bodies" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 48 (8): 227–306. doi:10.2307/20022828. JSTOR 20022828.
  16. ^ https://www.biology.washington.edu/student-awards/frye-hotson-rigg-award?_gl=1*1d9yq4j*_ga*MTUzOTg2MTk1Ny4xNzA0NTk1ODIy*_ga_3T65WK0BM8*MTcwNDYwMDI4NS4xLjAuMTcwNDYwMDI4NS4wLjAuMA..*_ga_JLHM9WH4JV*MTcwNDYwMDI4NS4xLjAuMTcwNDYwMDI4NS4wLjAuMA..
  17. ^ n.a. "Frye-Hotson-Rigg Award". University of Washington Department of Biology.
  18. ^ Koukol, O (2016). "Myriococcum revisited: A revision of an overlooked fungal genus". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 302 (8): 957–969. doi:10.1007/s00606-016-1310-x. S2CID 254048335.
  19. ^ John W. Hotson. (n.d.). U.S., Find a Grave Index, 1600s-Current. https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/55189196:60525?tid=&pid=&queryId=6bdfbbed-f2b3-43d4-8402-627eedcd05b7&_phsrc=xTu31&_phstart=successSource
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