Jaunutis
| Jaunutis | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Depiction of Jaunutis by Alaksandar Tarasievič (1675) | |
| Grand Duke of Lithuania | |
| Reign | 1341–1345 |
| Predecessor | Gediminas |
| Successor | Algirdas |
| Duke of Zaslawye | |
| Reign | 1350–1366 |
| Predecessor | Algirdas |
| Successor | Michael of Zaslawye |
| Born | c. 1300 |
| Died | after 1366 |
| House | Gediminid |
Jaunutis (Polish: Jawnuta; Belarusian: Яўнут; lit. 'young man'; Christian name: Ioann; also John or Ivan; c. 1300 – after 1366) was Grand Duke of Lithuania after his father Gediminas died in 1341 until he was deposed by his elder brothers Algirdas and Kęstutis in 1345.[1]
Succession
According to Polish historian Jan Tęgowski, he was probably born between 1306 and 1309.[2]
Jaunutis was not mentioned in any written sources prior to Gediminas' death.[3] There are many theories why Gediminas chose Jaunutis, a middle son, as his successor. Some suggested that he was an acceptable compromise between pagan (Algirdas and Kęstutis) and Orthodox (Narimantas, Karijotas, Liubartas) sons of Gediminas.[4] Others claimed that Jaunutis was the eldest son of Gediminas' second wife; thus the tradition that Gediminas was married twice: to a pagan and to an Orthodox duchess.[5]
Rule
Very little is known about the years when Jaunutis ruled. Those were quite peaceful years, as the Teutonic Knights were led by the ineffective Ludolf König.[3] His brothers were much more active: Algirdas attacked Mozhaysk, Livonian Order, defended Pskov, Kęstutis was helping Liubartas in succession disputes in Galicia–Volhynia.[4]
The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions that Jaunutis was supported by Jaunė, presumed wife of Gediminas and mother of his children. She died c. 1344 and soon after Jaunutis lost his throne. If he was indeed protected by his mother, then it would be an interesting example of influence held by queen mother in pagan Lithuania.[3] However, a concrete stimulus might have been a major reise planned by the Teutonic Knights in 1345.[4]
Later life
Jaunutis was supported by his brother Narimantas, who traveled to Jani Beg, Khan of the Golden Horde, to form an alliance against Algirdas and Kęstutis. Jaunutis was imprisoned in Vilnius, but managed to escape and went to his Russian brother-in-law Simeon of Moscow. There Jaunutis was baptized as Ioann, but failed to solicit help (possibly because his sister Aigusta, wife of Simeon, died the same year).[6] Both Jaunutis and Narimantas had to reconcile with Algirdas. Jaunutis became the Duke of Zasłaŭje.[5]
He is presumed to have died c. 1366 because he is mentioned for the last time in a treaty with Poland in 1366, and not mentioned in a treaty with Livonia in 1367.[5] He had three sons, Symeon Zaslawski, Grzegorz Słucki and Michal Zaslawski.[7] Michal ruled Zasłaŭje until his death on August 12, 1399 in the Battle of the Vorskla River.
References
- ^ "Algirdas | grand duke of Lithuania". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ Tęgowski, Jan (1999). Pierwsze pokolenia Giedyminowiczów. Poznań-Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Historyczne. p. 190. ISBN 8391356310.
- ^ a b c Rowell, S.C. (1994). Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge University Press. pp. 280–287. ISBN 978-0-521-45011-9.
- ^ a b c Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė; Albinas Kuncevičius (2000) [1995]. The History of Lithuania Before 1795 (English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. p. 118. ISBN 9986-810-13-2.
- ^ a b c Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Jaunutis". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. II. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 516. LCCN 74-114275.
- ^ Rowell, S. C. (Spring 1994). "Pious Princesses or Daughters of Belial: Pagan Lithuanian Dynastic Diplomacy, 1279–1423". Medieval Prosopography. 15 (1): 40. ISSN 0198-9405.
- ^ Tęgowski, Jan (1999). Pierwsze pokolenia Giedyminowiczów. Poznań-Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Historyczne. pp. 191–192. ISBN 8391356310.
See also
- Family of Gediminas – family tree of Jaunutis
- Gediminids