User:Timothy2b/sandbox v2

Frankfurt climate

Gulf stream collapse

Frankfurt has a humid continental climate (Dfa) according to the Köppen climate classification. Owing to its location in the Upper Rhine Valley, it ranks among Germany's hottest cities, along with Freiburg and Karlsruhe. Summers are hot and humid, with average highs of around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Nights in the suburbs and outskirts of the city offer some relief from daytime heat, with temperatures between 16 and 18 °C (61 and 64 °F), though lower in the Taunus mountains and higher in the downtown area. Heatwaves occur every summer, and can at times be severe, as temperatures soar to around 40 °C (104 °F). Nights during such conditions provide little relief, as tropical nights are the norm with lows above 20 °C (68 °F), averaging 32 such instances a year. In downtown Frankfurt, these conditions are exacerbated due to the urban heat island effect, and the inner city is plagued by nighttime lows as much as 5°C higher than its surroundings. Some locals take up residence in the mountains to escape the heat. Powerful thunderstorms often mark the end of such heatwaves, which, if coupled with drought conditions, can lead to flash flooding. Still, cooler days with highs of 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F) occur from time to time, with lows falling into the lower teens °C (50s °F). Sunshine is then often mixed with passing showers that produce most non-thunderstorm summer rainfall. On average, there are 104 days with highs at or above 25 °C (77 °F) and 37 above 30 °C (86 °F). There are typically 1-3 days when the mercury reaches 40 °C (104 °F). Overall, highs generally remain above 20 °C (68 °F) from early May to late September.

Winters are cold and snowy. Though relatively mild by German standards, Frankfurt's inland position still renders it colder than the Ruhr. Daytime highs remain below 0 °C (32 °F) for an average of 82 days, and generally do so from early December to mid-February. Typical conditions see highs hover around −1 to −3 °C (30 to 27 °F), with nights falling to −7 to −11 °C (19 to 12 °F). Thaws occur from time to time when intrusions of mild, Atlantic air move in from France, but such spells are usually brief, lasting only a few days. Cold snaps also occur with daytime temperatures below −10 °C (14 °F) on 4 days and nights pushing −20 °C (−4 °F) or lower on 5 days. Still, these are usually fairly brief when compared to locations in Bavaria or former East Germany. Snow cover typically settles by mid-December, sticking until early March. The Main usually freezes over in early December, allowing for ice skating during the Christmas holidays. It begins to break up in early March. Spring flooding occasionally occurs, but thanks to the Main's smaller volume, such floods are nowhere near as severe as those along the Rhine.

Spring and fall are fairly short transitional seasons, though tend to feature relatively stable weather conditions. Frankfurt is among the first German cities to welcome spring in the first half of March, and, unlike large portions of northern Germany, spring cold snaps are rare. Starting in late February, temperatures steadily rise, and nature blossoms out in early April. Meteorological summer arrives in late April, though true summer conditions typically wait until mid-May. Summer conditions linger through September into early October, with fall arriving in mid-October. Fall foliage can typically be observed from the second week of October to early November. Frankfurt often sees Indian summers, with brief returns of summer-like warmth possible through the end of October. Compared to spring, fall can often see a much more rapid decline in temperature, as the first snowfall is seen in early November, with winter arriving by late November.

The highest recorded temperature in Frankfurt was 43.2 °C (109.8 °F) on July 29, 2012. The hottest month on record was the following August, which had a mean temperature of 27.6 °C (81.7 °F). That month, 8 consecutive days featured highs above 40 °C (104 °F), August 5-13, and the highest recorded daily minimum of 29.1 °C (84.4 °F) happened on August 20. The coldest recorded temperature was −31.6 °C (−24.9 °F) on January 8, 1942, while the lowest daily maximum was −23.2 °C (−9.8 °F) on January 12, 1987. The coldest month was January 1987, with a mean of −13.8 °C (7.2 °F). The longest streak of sub-zero temperatures was 111 days from November 16, 1941, to March 6, 1942.

Annual precipitation amounts to 502.7 mm (19.79 in), a fairly low amount by German standards. While the Main usually supplies a surplus of water to the region, extended droughts can put stress on both regional agriculture and trade as river levels drop. Snowfall amounts to 108 cm (43 in), largely concentrated from November to February, but heavy snowfalls occasionally occur in March as well. Snow in October and April is rare, and amounts are very limited. The snowiest day on record, February 3, 1979, saw 76 cm (30 in) accumulate, impeding traffic for weeks in some mountainside locations. This was one of the main reasons that 1978-79 became the snowiest season on record with a total of 203 cm (80 in). Typically, snow cover peaks at around 40 cm (16 in) in mid-February, before the spring thaw, with a record depth set at 121 cm (48 in) on February 16, 1997. The longest continuous snow cover lasted 143 days from November 10, 1924 to April 1, 1925.

Frankfurt
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     42     −3 −9     30     −1 −10     25     6 −4     30     15 4     51     22 11     52     27 17     43     30 19     57     29 18     40     23 12     37     14 6     41     3 −2     54     −1 −8 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: NOAA
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.7     27 15     1.2     30 14     1     42 26     1.2     60 39     2     71 51     2     81 62     1.7     85 65     2.2     85 65     1.6     73 54     1.5     56 42     1.6     38 28     2.1     29 18 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Climate data for Frankfurt Airport
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	9.9 (49.8)	13.1 (55.6)	22.7 (72.9)	30.3 (86.5)	34.2 (93.6)	42.3 (108.1)	43.2 (109.8)	41.7 (107.1)	33.8 (92.8)	28.0 (82.4)	17.1 (62.8)	10.3 (50.5)	43.2 (109.8)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	4.1 (39.4)	5.8 (42.4)	15.0 (59.0)	24.8 (76.6)	29.9 (85.8)	35.5 (95.9)	37.1 (98.8)	36.5 (97.7)	28.8 (83.8)	22.0 (71.6)	12.6 (54.7)	4.5 (40.1)	38.6 (101.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−2.7 (27.1)	−1.2 (29.8)	5.8 (42.4)	15.4 (59.7)	21.6 (70.9)	27.4 (81.3)	29.7 (85.5)	29.3 (84.7)	22.7 (72.9)	13.5 (56.3)	3.3 (37.9)	−1.4 (29.5)	13.6 (56.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−5.9 (21.4)	−5.5 (22.1)	1.2 (34.2)	9.8 (49.6)	16.1 (61.0)	22.1 (71.8)	24.1 (75.4)	23.7 (74.7)	17.5 (63.5)	9.7 (49.5)	0.7 (33.3)	−5.5 (22.1)	9.0 (48.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−9.3 (15.3)	−9.9 (14.2)	−3.6 (25.5)	4.1 (39.4)	10.6 (51.1)	16.7 (62.1)	18.5 (65.3)	18.1 (64.6)	12.3 (54.1)	5.8 (42.4)	−2.0 (28.4)	−7.7 (18.1)	4.5 (40.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	−21.1 (−6.0)	−19.2 (−2.6)	−12.2 (10.0)	−3.4 (25.9)	3.2 (37.8)	10.0 (50.0)	12.5 (54.5)	11.7 (53.1)	6.1 (43.0)	−2.1 (28.2)	−11.2 (11.8)	−19.7 (−3.5)	−23.2 (−9.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−33.6 (−28.5)	−31.6 (−24.9)	−21.0 (−5.8)	−9.1 (15.6)	−1.8 (28.8)	3.1 (37.6)	5.8 (42.4)	5.5 (41.9)	0.7 (33.3)	−8.3 (17.1)	−19.5 (−3.1)	−29.0 (−20.2)	−33.6 (−28.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	42.4 (1.67)	29.7 (1.17)	24.8 (0.98)	30.2 (1.19)	51.2 (2.02)	51.9 (2.04)	43.0 (1.69)	57.4 (2.26)	39.6 (1.56)	36.9 (1.45)	41.1 (1.62)	54.3 (2.14)	502.7 (19.79)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	32.9 (13.0)	38.6 (15.2)	27.0 (10.6)	0.2 (0.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.1)	9.6 (3.8)	21.3 (8.4)	42.4 (16.7)
Average rainy days	1	1	4	6	8	8	8	9	6	9	4	2	66
Average snowy days	10	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	10	34
Mean monthly sunshine hours	53	103	184	247	277	269	288	266	218	120	67	41	2,133
Source 1: wetteronline.de (high and low temperature and rain days data)
Source 2: weatheronline.de (sunshine, mean temperature and precipitation data)

Seasonal averages:

Winter
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     54     0 −6     54     −1 −8     54     −2 −8     54     −2 −9     42     −3 −9     42     −3 −9     42     −3 −10     42     −2 −10     30     −2 −10     30     −1 −10     30     1 −8     30     2 −7 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: NOAA
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     2.1     32 21     2.1     29 18     2.1     29 17     2.1     28 17     1.7     27 16     1.7     27 15     1.7     28 14     1.7     28 14     1.2     29 14     1.2     30 14     1.2     33 17     1.2     36 20 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Spring
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     25     4 −5     25     6 −4     25     8 −2     25     11 0     30     13 2     30     15 4     30     17 6     30     19 7     51     20 9     51     22 11     51     23 12     51     25 14 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: NOAA
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1     39 23     1     42 26     1     47 29     1     51 33     1.2     56 36     1.2     60 39     1.2     63 42     1.2     65 45     2     68 48     2     71 51     2     74 54     2     76 57 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Summer
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     52     26 15     52     27 17     52     28 17     52     29 18     43     29 18     43     30 19     43     30 19     43     30 19     57     30 19     57     29 18     57     28 17     57     26 15 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: NOAA
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     2     79 60     2     81 62     2     82 63     2     83 64     1.7     85 65     1.7     85 65     1.7     86 66     1.7     86 66     2.3     85 65     2.3     85 65     2.3     82 62     2.3     79 59 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Fall
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     40     24 14     40     23 12     40     20 11     40     18 9     37     16 7     37     14 6     37     11 4     37     8 2     41     6 0     41     3 −2     41     2 −3     41     1 −5 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: NOAA
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.6     76 57     1.6     73 54     1.6     69 51     1.6     65 48     1.5     60 45     1.5     56 42     1.5     52 39     1.5     47 35     1.6     43 32     1.6     38 28     1.6     36 26     1.6     34 23 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Temperature change across the seasons.

Climate data for Frankfurt
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	10.2 (50.4)	10.1 (50.2)	9.9 (49.8)	9.8 (49.6)	9.3 (48.7)	9.3 (48.7)	9.5 (49.1)	9.9 (49.8)	10.8 (51.4)	11.5 (52.7)	12.3 (54.1)	13.1 (55.6)	13.1 (55.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	4.4 (39.9)	4.3 (39.7)	4.1 (39.4)	4.0 (39.2)	3.5 (38.3)	3.5 (38.3)	3.7 (38.7)	4.1 (39.4)	4.5 (40.1)	5.0 (41.0)	5.4 (41.7)	5.8 (42.4)	7.3 (45.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−0.2 (31.6)	−1.4 (29.5)	−1.8 (28.8)	−2.2 (28.0)	−2.7 (27.1)	−2.7 (27.1)	−2.5 (27.5)	−2.1 (28.2)	−1.7 (28.9)	−1.2 (29.8)	0.6 (33.1)	2.3 (36.1)	−1.3 (29.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−3.2 (26.2)	−4.5 (23.9)	−4.9 (23.2)	−5.2 (22.6)	−5.6 (21.9)	−5.9 (21.4)	−6.1 (21.0)	−6.1 (21.0)	−5.8 (21.6)	−5.5 (22.1)	−3.8 (25.2)	−2.2 (28.0)	−4.9 (23.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−6.3 (20.7)	−7.7 (18.1)	−8.1 (17.4)	−8.5 (16.7)	−8.9 (16.0)	−9.3 (15.3)	−9.8 (14.4)	−10.1 (13.8)	−10.1 (13.8)	−9.9 (14.2)	−8.3 (17.1)	−6.8 (19.8)	−8.6 (16.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	−13.3 (8.1)	−15.5 (4.1)	−17.6 (0.3)	−19.7 (−3.5)	−20.2 (−4.4)	−20.6 (−5.1)	−21.1 (−6.0)	−19.2 (−2.6)	−17.5 (0.5)	−15.7 (3.7)	−14.0 (6.8)	−12.2 (10.0)	−23.2 (−9.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−21.9 (−7.4)	−24.3 (−11.7)	−26.6 (−15.9)	−29.0 (−20.2)	−30.5 (−22.9)	−32.1 (−25.8)	−33.6 (−28.5)	−31.6 (−24.9)	−29.0 (−20.2)	−26.3 (−15.3)	−23.7 (−10.7)	−21.0 (−5.8)	−33.6 (−28.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	51.0 (2.01)	54.3 (2.14)	51.3 (2.02)	48.4 (1.91)	45.4 (1.79)	42.4 (1.67)	39.2 (1.54)	36.1 (1.42)	32.9 (1.30)	29.7 (1.17)	28.5 (1.12)	27.3 (1.07)	486.5 (19.16)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	12.5 (4.9)	15.5 (6.1)	18.4 (7.2)	21.3 (8.4)	24.2 (9.5)	27.1 (10.7)	30.0 (11.8)	32.9 (13.0)	35.8 (14.1)	38.6 (15.2)	32.8 (12.9)	27.0 (10.6)	42.4 (16.7)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	48	41	36	41	47	53	66	78	91	103	123	144	871
Source 1: SMHI Average Precipitation 1961–1990
Source 2: SMHI Average Data 2002–2015

Climate data for Frankfurt
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.5 (59.9)	17.9 (64.2)	20.3 (68.5)	22.7 (72.9)	24.6 (76.3)	26.5 (79.7)	28.4 (83.1)	30.3 (86.5)	31.3 (88.3)	32.3 (90.1)	33.2 (91.8)	34.2 (93.6)	34.2 (93.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	8.1 (46.6)	10.4 (50.7)	12.7 (54.9)	15.0 (59.0)	17.5 (63.5)	19.9 (67.8)	22.4 (72.3)	24.8 (76.6)	26.1 (79.0)	27.4 (81.3)	28.6 (83.5)	29.9 (85.8)	31.4 (88.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	4.1 (39.4)	5.8 (42.4)	8.2 (46.8)	10.6 (51.1)	13.0 (55.4)	15.4 (59.7)	17.0 (62.6)	18.5 (65.3)	20.1 (68.2)	21.6 (70.9)	23.1 (73.6)	24.5 (76.1)	15.2 (59.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−0.5 (31.1)	1.2 (34.2)	3.4 (38.1)	5.5 (41.9)	7.7 (45.9)	9.8 (49.6)	11.4 (52.5)	13.0 (55.4)	14.5 (58.1)	16.1 (61.0)	17.6 (63.7)	19.1 (66.4)	9.9 (49.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−5.2 (22.6)	−3.6 (25.5)	−1.7 (28.9)	0.3 (32.5)	2.2 (36.0)	4.1 (39.4)	5.7 (42.3)	7.4 (45.3)	9.0 (48.2)	10.6 (51.1)	12.1 (53.8)	13.7 (56.7)	4.6 (40.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	−10.0 (14.0)	−7.8 (18.0)	−5.6 (21.9)	−3.4 (25.9)	−1.8 (28.8)	−0.1 (31.8)	1.6 (34.9)	3.2 (37.8)	4.9 (40.8)	6.6 (43.9)	8.3 (46.9)	10.0 (50.0)	−12.1 (10.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−18.0 (−0.4)	−15.1 (4.8)	−12.1 (10.2)	−9.1 (15.6)	−7.3 (18.9)	−5.5 (22.1)	−3.6 (25.5)	−1.8 (28.8)	−0.6 (30.9)	0.7 (33.3)	1.9 (35.4)	3.1 (37.6)	−18.0 (−0.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	26.0 (1.02)	24.8 (0.98)	26.2 (1.03)	27.5 (1.08)	28.9 (1.14)	30.2 (1.19)	35.5 (1.40)	40.7 (1.60)	46.0 (1.81)	51.2 (2.02)	51.4 (2.02)	51.6 (2.03)	440 (17.32)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	13.7 (5.4)	3.4 (1.3)	0.5 (0.2)	0.2 (0.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	13.7 (5.4)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	164	184	200	216	231	247	255	262	270	277	275	273	2,854
Source 1: SMHI Average Precipitation 1961–1990
Source 2: SMHI Average Data 2002–2015

Climate data for Frankfurt
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.2 (97.2)	38.3 (100.9)	40.3 (104.5)	42.3 (108.1)	42.6 (108.7)	42.9 (109.2)	43.2 (109.8)	41.7 (107.1)	39.7 (103.5)	37.8 (100.0)	35.8 (96.4)	33.8 (92.8)	43.2 (109.8)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	31.3 (88.3)	32.7 (90.9)	34.1 (93.4)	35.5 (95.9)	36.0 (96.8)	36.6 (97.9)	37.1 (98.8)	36.5 (97.7)	34.6 (94.3)	32.7 (90.9)	30.7 (87.3)	28.8 (83.8)	38.6 (101.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	26.0 (78.8)	27.4 (81.3)	28.0 (82.4)	28.6 (83.5)	29.2 (84.6)	29.7 (85.5)	30.0 (86.0)	29.9 (85.8)	29.6 (85.3)	29.3 (84.7)	27.7 (81.9)	26.0 (78.8)	28.5 (83.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	20.6 (69.1)	22.1 (71.8)	22.6 (72.7)	23.1 (73.6)	23.6 (74.5)	24.1 (75.4)	24.3 (75.7)	24.2 (75.6)	24.0 (75.2)	23.7 (74.7)	22.2 (72.0)	20.6 (69.1)	22.9 (73.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	15.2 (59.4)	16.7 (62.1)	17.2 (63.0)	17.6 (63.7)	18.1 (64.6)	18.5 (65.3)	18.7 (65.7)	18.7 (65.7)	18.5 (65.3)	18.1 (64.6)	16.7 (62.1)	15.2 (59.4)	17.4 (63.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	10.6 (51.1)	11.3 (52.3)	11.9 (53.4)	12.5 (54.5)	13.0 (55.4)	13.4 (56.1)	13.6 (56.5)	13.6 (56.5)	13.1 (55.6)	12.7 (54.9)	12.2 (54.0)	11.7 (53.1)	8.5 (47.3)
Record low °C (°F)	3.8 (38.8)	4.5 (40.1)	5.1 (41.2)	5.8 (42.4)	6.3 (43.3)	6.7 (44.1)	6.9 (44.4)	6.9 (44.4)	6.6 (43.9)	6.2 (43.2)	5.9 (42.6)	5.5 (41.9)	3.8 (38.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	51.7 (2.04)	51.9 (2.04)	49.7 (1.96)	47.5 (1.87)	45.3 (1.78)	43.0 (1.69)	46.6 (1.83)	50.2 (1.98)	53.8 (2.12)	57.4 (2.26)	53.0 (2.09)	48.5 (1.91)	598.6 (23.57)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	271	269	282	292	290	288	283	277	272	266	254	242	3,286
Source 1: SMHI Average Precipitation 1961–1990
Source 2: SMHI Average Data 2002–2015

Climate data for Frankfurt
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	32.4 (90.3)	30.9 (87.6)	29.5 (85.1)	28.0 (82.4)	25.3 (77.5)	22.6 (72.7)	19.8 (67.6)	17.1 (62.8)	15.4 (59.7)	13.7 (56.7)	12.0 (53.6)	10.3 (50.5)	32.4 (90.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	27.1 (80.8)	25.4 (77.7)	23.7 (74.7)	22.0 (71.6)	19.7 (67.5)	17.3 (63.1)	15.0 (59.0)	12.6 (54.7)	10.6 (51.1)	8.6 (47.5)	6.5 (43.7)	4.5 (40.1)	28.6 (83.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	24.4 (75.9)	22.7 (72.9)	20.4 (68.7)	18.1 (64.6)	15.8 (60.4)	13.5 (56.3)	11.0 (51.8)	8.4 (47.1)	5.9 (42.6)	3.3 (37.9)	2.1 (35.8)	1.0 (33.8)	12.2 (54.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	19.1 (66.4)	17.5 (63.5)	15.6 (60.1)	13.6 (56.5)	11.7 (53.1)	9.7 (49.5)	7.5 (45.5)	5.2 (41.4)	3.0 (37.4)	0.7 (33.3)	−0.6 (30.9)	−1.9 (28.6)	8.4 (47.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	13.8 (56.8)	12.3 (54.1)	10.7 (51.3)	9.1 (48.4)	7.4 (45.3)	5.8 (42.4)	3.9 (39.0)	1.9 (35.4)	−0.1 (31.8)	−2.0 (28.4)	−3.4 (25.9)	−4.9 (23.2)	4.5 (40.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	10.3 (50.5)	8.9 (48.0)	7.5 (45.5)	6.1 (43.0)	4.1 (39.4)	2.0 (35.6)	−0.1 (31.8)	−2.1 (28.2)	−4.4 (24.1)	−6.7 (19.9)	−8.9 (16.0)	−11.2 (11.8)	−13.3 (8.1)
Record low °C (°F)	4.3 (39.7)	3.1 (37.6)	1.9 (35.4)	0.7 (33.3)	−1.6 (29.1)	−3.8 (25.2)	−6.1 (21.0)	−8.3 (17.1)	−11.1 (12.0)	−13.9 (7.0)	−16.7 (1.9)	−19.5 (−3.1)	−19.5 (−3.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	44.1 (1.74)	39.6 (1.56)	38.9 (1.53)	38.3 (1.51)	37.6 (1.48)	36.9 (1.45)	38.0 (1.50)	39.0 (1.54)	40.1 (1.58)	41.1 (1.62)	44.4 (1.75)	47.7 (1.88)	485.7 (19.14)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.1)	2.6 (1.0)	4.9 (1.9)	7.3 (2.9)	9.6 (3.8)	13.4 (5.3)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	230	218	194	169	145	120	107	94	80	67	61	54	1,539
Source 1: SMHI Average Precipitation 1961–1990
Source 2: SMHI Average Data 2002–2015