Lynching of Eli Ladd
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Eli Ladd was a Black victim of a racial terror lynching that took place on February 7, 1890, in Blountsville, Indiana. Ladd was living on his family farm in Mooreland at the time of his death and was employed as a Barber. A small group of white men chased Ladd while firing over fifty rounds of gunshots at him. Five men were arrested and three were convicted and served brief two-year sentences in the Indiana State Prison.
Life
Reuben Eli Ladd, born in 1869, grew up near Mooreland, Henry County, Indiana. Ladd's parents were Isaac and Sarah Ladd neé Means. Ladd lived with his parents and younger sister, Julia on his maternal grandparent's farm in Blue River Township. Eli Ladd’s maternal grandparents, Reuben and Leah Means, were born in North Carolina and had lived on their Blue River Township farm since at least 1850 and the Stony Creek area since at least 1840. As was customary in farming families, Eli was “working on the farm” at least by the time he was 11.[1] Some newspapers that report the lynching refer to Ladd as the Mooreland barber.[2][3]
Lynching
On February 8, 1890, the Muncie Morning News reported Ladd had been shot 6 times on February 7, 1890 in Blountsville, Indiana. Eli Ladd was lynched for confronting a vigilante group of white men who accused Ladd of assaulting a white woman.[4][5][6] Violent lynchings, such as Ladd's, were used by whites to implement and enforce Jim Crow during Reconstruction in Indiana.[5] William and Henry Rozell (Razell), Cassius (sometimes Charles) Lake, Charles Smelzer, John Davis, and J.P. Smith are frequently cited as being among the lynch mob’s leaders. There may have been an ongoing "private feud" between Ladd and one of the men.[7]
Aftermath and trials
On February 10th, warrants of arrest were issued for the Rozell brothers, Cassius Lake, Charles Smelzer, and J.P. Smith who were taken to the Henry County jail to await the trial.[8] On February 15, 1890, the Muncie Morning News reported that Rollin Warner was engaged to defend the men charged with Ladd's murder. On May 22, 1890, the jury acquitted Cassius Lake.[9] On June 23, 1890, the Smeltzer-Ladd murder trial commenced under Judge Lotz in the Delaware County Court.[10] The Muncie Morning News reported on July 7, 1890 that Smeltzer had received two years in the Indiana State Prison for murdering Ladd. On December 29, 1890, a trial began at the New Castle Circuit Court for William Rozell.[11] On January 11, 1891, John P. Smith testified that William Rozell had conspired to murder Ladd the night before the lynching.[12] William Rozell was sentenced to two years at the Indiana State Prison in Michigan City. John P. Smith plead quilty and was sentenced to two years of hard labor.
A West Virginia newspaper, the Wheeling Register, "chuckled over what they called Hoosier hypocrisy" because the lynching occurred in a Republican county.[5][13]
References
- ^ "Reuben E. Ladd in entry for Isaac Ladd and Sarah A. Ladd, 1880 Census". FamilySearch. Retrieved 13 Feb 2024.
- ^ "Sounds like Mississippi". Indianapolis Journal. 9 Feb 1890. Retrieved 13 Feb 2024.
- ^ "Pursuit of Terror". Cincinnati Enquirer. 9 Feb 1890.
- ^ Pfeifer, Michael James, ed. (2013). Lynching beyond Dixie: American mob violence outside the South. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-252-07895-8.
- ^ a b c Campney, Brent M. S. (2019). Hostile heartland: racism, repression, and resistance in the Midwest. Urbana Chicago Springfield: University of Illinois Press. pp. 67–8. ISBN 978-0-252-08430-0.
- ^ Hellmich, Madeline (July 2022). "Systemic Anti-Black Violence in Indiana: A Digital Public History Wikipedia Project". Scholar Works - IUPUI: 25, 25n80.
- ^ Blocker, Jack S. (2008). A little more freedom: African Americans enter the urban Midwest, 1860 - 1930. Urban life and urban landscape. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8142-1067-3.
- ^ "Eli Ladd's Murderers in Jail". Richmond Item. 11 Feb 1890.
- ^ "Lake Not Guilty". Muncie Morning News. 22 May 1890.
- ^ "Ladd Murder Case". Muncie Morning News. 23 June 1890.
- ^ "For the Murder of Eli Ladd". Muncie Evening Press. 29 Dec 1890.
- ^ "Smith's Testimony Was a Surprise". Logansport Pharos Tribune. 12 Jan 1891.
- ^ Campney, Brent M.S. (2015). ""This Negro Elephant is Getting to be a Pretty Large Sized Animal": White Hostility against Blacks in Indiana and the Historiography of Racist Violence in the Midwest". Middle West Review. 1 (2): 77. doi:10.1353/mwr.2015.0017.