Barker Reservoir
| Barker Reservoir | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Barker Reservoir  Barker Reservoir | |
| Location | Houston, Texas, United States |
| Coordinates | 29°46′11″N 95°38′47″W / 29.769674°N 95.646335°W |
| Type | Reservoir |
| Basin countries | United States |
Barker Reservoir is a flood control structure in Houston, Texas which prevents downstream flooding of Buffalo Bayou, the city's principal river. The reservoir operates in conjunction with Addicks Reservoir to the northeast, which impounds Mayde and Bear Creeks, two tributaries of the Buffalo. Both reservoirs were authorized under the Rivers and Harbors Act of June 20, 1938, which were modified by the Flood Control Acts of August 11, 1938; September 3, 1954; and October 27, 1965.
George Bush Park, operated by Harris County, is located entirely within the reservoir.[1]
Houston annexed the Addicks area in 1972.[2]
Location
[edit]Barker Reservoir is southwest of the intersection of Interstate 10 and State Highway 6, about one mile (1.6 km) south of Addicks in western Harris County.
The Barker Reservoir spillway is located at 29°46′10.86″N 95°38′47.09″W / 29.7696833°N 95.6464139°W.
The Barker Dam and Reservoir is named for the community of Barker, Texas. In 1895, the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad laid tracks and began operating through Barker. The town was named for the track laying contractor Ed. Barker.[3]
Construction
[edit]Barker Reservoir is formed by a rolled earthen dam 72,900 feet (22,200 m) long. A 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) gravel road extends along the top of the dam. The top of the dam has a maximum elevation of 112.5 feet (34.3 m) above the N.G.V.D. and is 36 feet high in places.[4] The maximum storage capacity of the reservoir is 209,000 acre-feet (258,000,000 cubic metres; 258 gigalitres),[5] Combined with the adjacent Addicks Reservoir to the northeast, the total storage capacity is about 410,000 acre-feet (510,000,000 m3; 510 GL).[6]
From 2008 to 2014, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Galveston District implemented $4.4 million in interim risk reduction measures (at Addicks and Barker dams) to address deficiencies until long-term solutions could be identified and executed. In 2014, staff completed a Dam Safety Modification Study to evaluate long-term repairs and address issues associated with the dams. Staff presented this information during a public meeting October 29 at Bear Creek Community Center in Houston to discuss these plans and gather feedback. Construction is scheduled to begin May 2015 with an estimated completion date of 2019.[citation needed]
Benefits
[edit]It is estimated the Addicks and Barker Reservoirs, along with other federal construction projects on Lower Buffalo Bayou and its tributaries, will prevent average annual flood damages of $16,372,000 to the city of Houston. Addicks and Barker provide no flood reduction benefits to properties upstream of the dams and reservoirs. [citation needed]
Government-Induced Flooding and Ensuing Litigation
[edit]During and after Hurricane Harvey, 7,000 acres of private upstream land was deliberately submerged by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operation of the Addicks and Barker dams and reservoirs.[7] In response, Upstream property owners filed a series of lawsuits in The U.S. Court of Federal Claims (CFC) seeking to hold the U.S. government liable for the induced flooding under the “takings clause” of the Fifth Amendment.[8]
Given the large number of lawsuits, the CFC decided to handle the cases as a group by using case management methods commonly employed in multi-district litigation.[9] To that end, and after considering hundreds of applications, the CFC appointed attorneys Armistead "Armi" Easterby, Daniel Charest, and Charles Irvine to serve as Co-Lead trial counsel for upstream plaintiffs.[10] The CFC also selected 13 property owners for a bellwether trial to determine causation and liability issues common to the Upstream property owners.[11]
Federal Claims Judge Charles Lettow presided over the May 2019 liability trial, which was held in Houston, Texas.[12] On December 17, 2019, the CFC held that the upstream flooding constituted a Fifth Amendment taking.[13] The decision detailed how U.S. government officials knowingly and intentionally imposed flooding on upstream private property, and that the victims living near the federally owned reservoirs did not know their property was in a federal flood-control project's reservoir flood pool.[14] During trial, government lawyers stated this litigation is the largest Fifth Amendment “takings” case in United States history.[15]
In June 2022, Judge Lettow presided over a 2-week trial addressing the amounts owed to 6 bellwether plaintiffs by the United States under the Fifth Amendment's takings clause.[16] In October 2022, the CFC issued its just compensation decision finding in favor of the bellwether plaintiffs.[17] The 6 bellwether plaintiffs received awards for decreased real property values, damaged or destroyed personal property, and costs for the owners being displaced.[18] Total compensation for the ~10,000 upstream property owners who suffered government-induced flooding could reach or exceed $1.7 billion before interest.[19] The 6-year statute of limitations for filing a lawsuit in the CFC is set to expire in August 2023.[20]
Buffalo Bayou & Tributaries Resiliency Study Interim Report
[edit]In October 2020, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers published an Interim Report regarding the Addicks and Barker dams and reservoirs.[21] The Interim Report states that high reservoir water levels resulting from the Army Corp's operation of the Addicks and Barker dams "pose unacceptable risks to health and human safety, private property, and public infrastructure," and that "future economic damages from flooding are likely" in the upstream area.[22] The Interim Report further indicates that there is inadequate government-owned real estate for dam operations, as more than 20,000 homes and 24,000 parcels of privately owned upstream land are within the areas subject to government-induced flooding.[23] The total acquisition cost to acquire these lands would be approximately $10 billion.[24]
References
[edit]- ^ "George Bush Park". Harris County Precinct 3. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
- ^ Lee, Renée C. "Annexed Kingwood split on effects." Houston Chronicle. Sunday October 8, 2006. A21. Retrieved on July 6, 2011. Print version exclusively has the information cited; the information is not included in the online edition.
- ^ Texas State Historical Association Handbook of Texas Online by Atha Marks Dinman
- ^ Rogers, Adam (29 August 2017). "With Harvey, Imperfect Engineering Meets a Perfect Storm". Wired. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ^ Addicks and Barker Reservoirs - Reservoir Information Archived 2009-06-18 at the Wayback Machine United States Army Corps of Engineers. Last accessed July 3, 2009.
- ^ Barker Reservoir, Handbook of Texas Online, 2008. Last accessed July 3, 2009.
- ^ Cavender, Anthony (13 June 2018). "Court of Federal Claims: Upstream Hurricane Harvey Case Will Proceed to Trial". Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^ Grinberg, Emanuella (25 August 2019). "Their Neighborhood was flooded to save Houston". CNN. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ Lettow, Charles (24 May 2018). "Opinion and Order Denying Motion to Dismiss".
- ^ Ward, Alyson (22 November 2017). "Lead attorneys appointed in Hurricane Harvey flood litigation". Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Langford, Cameron. "Trial Over Hurricane Flooding in Houston Wraps Up". Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ Banks, Gabrielle (13 May 2019). "Harvey Victims tell judge no one told them they were living in a designated flood pool, say government is liable". Retrieved 13 May 2019.
- ^ Lettow, Charles. "Post-Trial Decision; Government-Induced Flooding on Private Property". U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
- ^ Banks, Gabrielle (17 Dec 2019). "In victory for Harvey victims, Army Corps found liable for flooding damage upstream of Addicks, Barker reservoirs".
- ^ Banks, Gabrielle (17 Dec 2019). "In victory for Harvey victims, Army Corps found liable for flooding damage upstream of Addicks, Barker reservoirs".
- ^ Langford, Cameron (31 May 2022). "Trial begins to quantify losses of Houstonians flooded by government dams".
- ^ Lettow, Charles (28 October 2022). "Post-Trial Decision on Just Compensation for Six Bellwether Plaintiffs".
- ^ Monterose, Isaac (31 October 2022). "Feds must pay $450k for Texas Reservoirs Flooding Properties".
- ^ Clarke, Deven (3 November 2022). "Federal judge awards compensation for Hurricane Harvey victims upstream from Addicks, Barker dams".
- ^ "28 U.S.C. § 2501 - Time for filing suit". 7 July 2004.
- ^ "Interim Report" (PDF).
- ^ "Interim Report" (PDF).
- ^ "Interim Report" (PDF).
- ^ "Interim Report" (PDF).
