Kong Li
出生
When Confucius was twenty years old, his son Kong Li was born. The Duke Zhao of Lu sent a gift of carp to Confucius to celebrate the birth. Confucius, feeling honored by the ruler's gesture, named his son Kong Li, with "Li" meaning carp.
Teachings from Confucius
16.13 Analects, Leys, Simon translation
Confucius' disciple Chen Gang (or Chen Ziqin) once asked Kong Li (Boyu), “Have you received any special teaching from your father?” The other replied: “No. Once, as he was standing alone, and I was discreetly crossing the courtyard, he asked me: ‘Have you studied the Poems? I replied: ‘No.’ He said: ‘If you do not study the Poems, you will not be able to hold your own in any discussion.’ I withdrew and studied the Poems. Another day, as he was again standing alone and I was discreetly crossing the courtyard, he asked me: ‘Have you studied the ritual?’ I replied: ‘No.’ He said: ‘If you do not study the ritual, you will not be able to take your stand in society.’ I withdrew and studied the ritual. These are the two teachings I received.” [1]
Chen Ziqin went away delighted and said: “I asked one thing, and learned three. I learned about the Poems, I learned about the ritual, and I learned how a gentleman maintains distance from his son.”
The story of Kong Li receiving teachings and studying poetry and propriety became a well-known tale passed down through generations. Confucius' teachings to his son were revered as "ancestral instructions," and this gradually led to the saying within the Kong family that "poetry and propriety are the family's heritage." [citation needed]
孔子对伯鱼说：“孔鲤啊，我听说可以整天使人不知厌倦的，恐怕也只有学习吧！一个人容貌形体是不值得向人炫耀的，勇猛气力是不能让人害怕的，祖先是不值得向人称道的，宗族姓氏是不值得谈论的。最后有好的名声，扬名四方，流芳后世，难道不是学习的功效吗？所以君子不能不学习，容貌不能不修饰。不修饰就没有好的容貌举止，没有好的容貌举止别人就不会亲近，失去了彼此的亲近就会失去忠信，没有忠信就失去了礼，失去了礼就失去了立身的基础。让人远看起来有光彩的，是修饰容貌的结果；让人靠近感到更加聪明睿智的，是学习的作用。就好像一个污水池，有雨水流到里面，苇草丛生，虽然有人来观看，可谁又知道它的源头呢？”[2]
拒仕
哭母
孔鲤在母亲死后，过了服丧期还要哭，孔子听到后问是谁哭，孔子的弟子告诉他是孔鲤在哭，孔子说这也太过了。孔鲤知道后，便除了丧服。孔颖达认为这是孔鲤在为被休弃的母亲亓官氏去世而哭，杨朝明认为孔鲤是孔子唯一的儿子，他作为孔子之“后”没有任何问题，按照《仪礼·丧服》中“出妻之子为父后者则为出母无服”的规定，如果孔鲤母亲被休弃，他的母亲去世时，是不能为母亲服丧的，所以孔鲤的母亲亓官氏并未被休弃。[3]
墓葬
哀公十二年冬，天候異常，孔鲤去世，享年五十岁，死在孔子之前，墓地位于孔子墓东偏南5米，高3米，为大型坟塚。墓前石碑两幢，前碑高约2.5米，宽1米有余，楷书朱漆字一行“泗水侯墓”。碑文为明正统八年（1443年）黄养正书，孔子五十九代孙衍圣公孔彦缙立石。后碑高1.8米，篆书一行“贰世祖墓”，为蒙古乃马真三年（1244年）孔子第五十一代孙衍圣公孔元措立。
追赠
- 宋徽宗崇宁元年（1102年），追封孔鲤为泗水侯。
- 宋度宗咸淳三年（1267年），孔鲤从祀于孔庙。
- 明世宗嘉靖九年（1530年），改称“先贤孔氏”，从祀于启圣祠。
参考资料
- ^ 《论语·季氏》：陈亢问于伯鱼曰：“子亦有异闻乎？”对曰：“未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭，曰：’学诗乎？’对曰：’未也。’’不学诗，无以言。’鲤退而学诗。他日又独立，鲤趋而过庭，曰：’学礼乎？’对曰：’未也。’’不学礼，无以立。’鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。”陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三：闻诗，闻礼，又闻君子之远其子也。”
- ^ 《孔子家语·卷二·致思》：孔子谓伯鱼曰：“鲤乎，吾闻可以与人终日不倦者，其唯学焉。其容体不足观也，其勇力不足惮也，其先祖不足称也，其族姓不足道也。终而有大名，以显闻四方，流声后裔者，岂非学之效也。故君子不可以不学。其容不可以不饬，不饬无类，无类失亲，失亲不忠，不忠失礼，失礼不立。夫远而有光者，饬也；近而愈明者，学也。譬之污池，水潦注焉，雚苇生焉，虽或以观之，孰知其源乎。”
- ^ "《孔子"出妻"说及相关问题》 杨朝明《齐鲁学刊》2009年第2期". Archived from the original on 2011-09-19. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
[[Category:Descendants of Confucius]] [[Category:Confucianists]] [[Category:People from Qufu]] [[Category:People of the Spring and Autumn period]]