Palm mute

The palm mute, also known as palm muting or chop, is a playing technique for the guitar or bass guitar. This technique is known as pizzicato by classical guitar players (see classical guitar techniques for details).

Palm mutes are executed by placing the side of the picking hand below the little finger across all of the strings very close to the bridge and then plucking the strings with the fingers while the damping is in effect. This produces a muted sound. The name is a slight misnomer, as the muting is usually performed by the side or heel of the hand.

While rare in classical guitar technique, palm muting is now a standard technique among electric guitarists who play with a pick. Palm muting is so widely used as to be idiomatic in hard rock, heavy metal, and particularly thrash, speed and death metal, but it is often found in any style of music that features electric guitars with distortion in the signal's preamplification stage. It is responsible for the characteristic "chugging" sound of distorted guitar music.

Palm-muting is also used by electric bassists in order to obtain a warm, "thumpy" tone that is sometimes similar to that of a double bass. The strings may be plucked with the thumb, or with a pick which gives a more percussive tone.

Aspects of performance

There are many ways to perform palm muting. Generally the following aspects are recognized:

• Applied pressure Amount of applied pressure tends to vary the sound a lot. Slight touch makes light muting, thus producing more pronounced, fuller sounds. Pressing the hand down intensively makes heavy muting, enhancing staccato effect, adding percussion and making notes less recognizable. Certainly, with same amplification gain, heavily muted notes sound quieter than lightly muted, but given a fair amount of compression, loudness levels become the same and heavily muted notes sound less muddy, with fewer overtones and tonal characteristics than lightly muted.

• Hand position. The most common way to play with palm muting is placing the edge of picking hand near the bridge, dampening the strings when necessary. However, moving the hand further from the bridge and closer to the bridge changes effect drastically. Moving the hand closer to the bridge (and even resting part of edge on the bridge) makes palm muting lighter. Moving the hand farther from bridge (going up to the neck) makes palm muting heavier. Note that resting the palm on the bridge is usually considered a bad practice among guitarists (other than for performing palm muting) for the following reasons:
  • Ergonomic: it's generally not really ergonomic to play this way; maintaining the picking hand edge always strictly parallel to the bridge rivets the motions and encumbers performance of most advanced techniques;
  • Metal part corrosion: while playing intensively, hands usually become sweaty; sweat coming in contact with metal bridge hastens its corrosion; metal strings corrode too, but strings are considered a consumable, while the bridge is more expensive.
  • Tremolo interference: when using floating tremolo bridge, such as Floyd Rose, applying pressure to the bridge may affect the pitch of played strings.

• Amount of amplification (gain).

• Muted notes / chords. Generally, it's recognized that full chords (with 3') sound muddy with large amounts of amplification and distortion, unlike single notes and power chords. Sustain sound coming from each string simultaneously makes large amounts of overlapping overtones after distortion and thus a chord loses its clarity. Palm muting of such chords helps to alleviate this problem, giving notes chuggier, more distortion-friendly sound.

Palm muting is a basis for many other techniques, especially those specific to electric guitars, such as sweep picking or alternate picking.

Notation

In guitar tablature, palm mutes are rendered with a "P.M." or "PM", and a dashed or dotted line for the duration of the phrase to be muted. If the pitches of the muted notes are discernible, the fret numbers are given accordingly, otherwise they are represented with an X in lieu of a tab number. (If an X appears in lieu of a tab number but there is no P.M. directive, this usually means to mute the string using the fretting hand, not the picking hand.)

    P.M.------------|
e |------------------|
B |--8-------8-------|
G |--7-------7-------|
D |--6-------6-------|
A |--7-------7-------|
E |----0-0-0---0-0-0-|

Recorded examples of palm muting

One popular song with palm muting is "Basket Case" by Green Day, where power chords are accented then muted to create a sense of energy and urgency

    > PM--------| >  PM-| < PM--| >      PM-| < PM- > PM>  PM-| < PM--| <
e |-----------------|-------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
B |-----------------|-------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
G |-9---------------|-------------------|-----6-----6-----|-------------------|
D |-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-|-----9-------9-x-x-|-6-6-6-6-6-6---6-|-----6-------6-x-x-|
A |-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-9-|-9-9-9-9-9-9-9-x-x-|-4-4-4-4-4-4-6-6-|-6-6-6-6-6-6-6-x-x-|
E |---------------7-|-7-7-7-7-7-7-7-x-x-|-------------4-4-|-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-x-x-|

Palm muting can also be heard in The Animals' "House of the Rising Sun", and is employed on both acoustic and electric guitars by Al Di Meola. One example of the technique's use on acoustic guitar may be found in Di Meola's "Mediterranean Sundance". Probably the most famous example is The Police's Grammy-award winning Every Breath You Take

More aggressive styles of palm muting grew out of thrash metal in the mid-late 1980s with bands such as Megadeth, Slayer, Metallica, Pantera and Anthrax. The technique was fused with fast alternate picking, under high gain, to create a driving, percussive effect.

See also

• Pizzicato

External links

• Guitar Lesson - Palm Muting in Rock & Heavy Metal Learn how to apply the palm mute technique on guitar