Nakai Chikuzan
Nakai, Chikuzan 1730-1804 was the son of one of the Kaitokudo's two founders Nakai Shuan (1758 d.), he became the administrative head of the Kaitokudo in Osaka during the Tokugawa era in Japan. An extrovert known for his competentcy, bureaucratic skills and his firm precise Kanji, Chikuzan was vastly different from his brother Nakai Rikuzan. They both focused on the epistemological study of virtue in the Merchant class of Tokugawa Japan under the influence one of the school's leaders, Goi Ranju. Together, through their scholarly works they would bring a level of prestige to the Kaitokudo with their serious study of virtue.
Life and Philosophy
The First son of Nakai Shuan, one of the two main founders of the Kaitokudo, he was just as adept in the external bureaucratic maneuverings of administration as his father. He attended the Kaitokudo from a young age where his interests in the epistemological study of virtue was cultivated by the scholar Goi Ranju. Both felt that education should be their primary concern rather than working on the side to supplement their income, something symptomatic of many Jusha who preferred to operate pharmacies on the side. This earned them scorn from many of the Osaka merchants who contributed to the school's cost of operation. Both he and his brother Rikan took care of the elderly Goi in his later years, something for which both are remembered. While he was of superior intellectual capabilities compared to the successor his father supported in the academy,Miyake Shunro, his father subtly made a position of leadership for his son. Shuan left a fund of twenty kan to insure against emergincies to be managed by Chikuzan. In this way Shunro would be responsible for formal activities and Chikuzan would be in charge of financial activities "to assure the immortality of the academy-Eitai sozuku no yo." (151-52). Chikuzan whole-heartedly denounced Ogyu Sorai and contended that all people have potential, even commoners couls become sages, while he also denounced religion and superstition.
Works
''Hi-Cho'' - an emotional work written to denounce Ogyu Sorai and his historicism. Said that Sorai simplified things too much and mistransalted the ancient works [[[Menicus]], Analects, ect]. Was accused of attacking the person [Sorai] rather than the person's arguments in this work.
Isshi 1797 - a laudatory history that underwent many drafts of the Tokugawa Bakufu that upset his brother due to the work's apologetic bias and which also earned him the respect and affection of the Bakufu. A work that reflects his own form of realpolitik. This was a way for him to gain assurities from the Bakufu but corrupted his academic integrity.
Legacy
Reference
Najita, Tetsuo. Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan. The Kaiokudo, Merchant Academy of Osaka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987