Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds
Candi Muara Jambi is a Hindu-Buddhist temple complex, thought to belong to the Melayu Empire. It is situated 26 kilometers from the city of Jambi in Riau province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Its surviving temples and other archaeological remains are thought to date from the eleventh to thirteenth century AD. The archaeological site includes eight excavated temple sanctuaries and covers more than 1500 hectacres, much of it as yet unexcavated. It is the largest and best-preserved ancient temple complex in Sumatra.
History
The start of the rise of the kingdom of Melayu can be dated to 1025 when India's Chola kingdom attacked and destroyed the capital of the Sumatran maritime empire of Sriwijaya. This allowed a number of smaller Sumatran polities to expand their political and economic influence. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries it seems that from its riverine basis along the Batang Hari, Melayu became the dominant economic power in Sumatra. The substantial archaeological remains at Muara Jambi suggest that this may have been the site of the Melayu capital. The city's age of glory came to an end in 1278 when Java's Singosari kingdom attacked the city, even succeeding in capturing members of the royal family. The site was rediscovered by Dutch explorers in the nineteenth century. It is now protected as a national monument.
Design and decoration
The temple complex of Candi Muara Jambi is spread out over a large area along the banks of the Batang Hari River. Eight temple compplexes have been excavated but many more mounds and sites remain to be explored within the conservation area, much of which is still covered by thick jungle. The three most significant intact temples are known as Candi Tinggi, Candi Kedaton and Candi Gumpung. The temples are built from red brick and unlike the temples of Java, features very little ormentation, carving or statuary. A few pieces of sculpture are housed in a small, on-site museum. The wooden dwellings that are believed to have housed the city's population have all disappeared without a trace.
References
- Oey, Eric M. Sumatra. Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd., 1996.