Enriquillo
Enriquillo was a Taíno Cacique who rebelled against the Spaniards from 1519 to 1533. His father was killed by the Spanish while attending peace talks with eighty other regional chieftains under the direction of Ana Caona in Jaragua. The spanish set the meeting house on fire and killed anyone who fled the flames. Enriguillo was then raised in a monastery in Santo Domingo. One of his mentors was Bartolomé de Las Casas.
Life
The good relations between Christopher Columbus and the local Taíno Indians of Hispaniola did not last long; soon, the Indians were used as slaves on sugar plantations. Several revolts followed in the first half of the 16th century, the most famous of which happened in 1522. Enrique started the revolt with a large number of Indians from the mountain range of Bahoruco and the Indians were able to continue the rebellion because of their better knowledge of the region. As the Spaniards were not able to control the rebellion, a treaty was signed granting to the Indian population among others the right of Freedom and of Possession. It had little consequences however, as by this time the Indian population was rapidly declining due to European diseases.
Enriquillo also had a wife, called Mencía, later Doña Mencía due to Enriquillo's relations with the Spaniards. She was molested by an unnamed Spaniard. When Enriquillo tried to take the issue to the Spanish courts, nothing could be done, since it was Mencia's word against the Spaniard's word. This, contend some writers, was the tipping point for Enriquillo to revolt in the Bahoruco mountains.
Guarocuya
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Most historians agree that Enriquillo was the same person as the cacique Guarocuya. In that case then Enriquillo belongs to the highest house of the Jaragua cacicazgo. Guarocuya was the nephew of Anacaona, sister to the cacique of Jaragua Bohechío and his eventual successor once Bohechío was killed. Anacaona was married to Caonabo who was the cacique of the neighboring Maguana kingdom. A minority of historians who differ, claim that Guarocuya was captured and hanged, while Enriquillo succeeded in his revolt. Most historians believe both rebels were the same person, arguing that the tales of Guarocuya's demise are identical to the more verifiable accounts of the capture and execution of his aunt Anacaona and the stories have been confounded. It is also well documented that the character of Enriquillo was married to Mencía, the mestizo granddaughter of Anacaona.
His name Enriquillo would come after his baptism as a Catholic and his new given name, Enrique. This in addition to his reported small stature, granted him the nickname of little Enrique or Enriquillo.
Lago Enriquillo
The salt water lake Lago Enriquillo in the Dominican province of Baoruco was named after him. Looking out over it is the Trono de Enriquillo, where he is said to have camped during the rebellion.
In modern culture
The highest rank of the Asociación de Scouts Dominicanos is named after him.
See also
- Hispaniola
- History of the Dominican Republic
- Taíno opposition against the Spanish
- Population history of American indigenous peoples
References
- Van Der Helm, Rien. Reis-handboek Dominicaanse Republiek (Dutch language, Elmar, 1991)