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English 4994 - "The World Split Open - Contemporary Women Essayists"

Childhood and Education

Joan Didion was born in Sacramento, California on December 5th, 1934 to parents Frank Reese and Eduene (Jerrett) Didion. Didion recalls writing things down as early as age five, though she claims that she never saw herself as a writer until after being published. She read everything she could get her hands on after learning how to read and even needed written permission from her mother in order to be able to check out adult books, biographies especially, from the library at a young age. With this, she identified herself as being a "shy, bookish child" who pushed herself to overcome these personal obstacles through acting and public speaking.

As a child, Didion went to Kindergarten and first grade; however, as a direct result of her father's involvement in World War II in the Army Air Corps, she did not attend school on a regular basis because of her family's constant relocation. It wasn't until the age of nine or ten that her family stopped moving around, settling back in Sacramento in 1943 or early 1944. During this time, her father went to Detroit to settle defense contracts for World War I and II. Didion states that moving as often as her family did had a profound influence on her, claiming that she often felt like a perpetual outsider. Didion later used these experiences when writing her 2003 memoir, Where I Was From.



In 1956, Didion graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a BA in English. During her senior year, she participated in an essay contest sponsored by Vogue, winning the first place prize of a job at the magazine's New York office.

Adult Life

Professional Life

After landing her job at Vogue right out of college, Didion worked her way up from promotional copywriter to associate feature editor, remaining there for two years. While at the magazine, she wrote her first novel, Run, River which was published in 1963. A few years after returning to California with her new husband, Didion published Slouching Towards Bethlehem in 1968, her first work of non-fiction.

Together with her husband, Didion has co-written a number of screenplays, including, the screen adaptation of her novel Play It As It Lays and Up Close & Personal.

The White Album, a collection of her best journalistic essays from her time at Life, Esquire, The Saturday Evening Post, The New York Times, and The New York Review of Books, was published June 17th, 1979 by Simon & Schuster. It is said to function as a sort of follow-up to Slouching Towards Bethlehem.

Play It As It Lays, set in Hollywood, was published in 1970 and A Book of Common Prayer was published in 1977. Her 1983 essay, Salvador, was written after a two-week long trip to El Salvador with her husband to previous year during a time of violent political upheaval. Democracy in 1984 deals with her concern for the loss of tradition values in society, whereas her 1987 novel, [Miami (book)|Miami]], addresses U.S. foreign policy. In 1992, she published After Henry, a collection of twelve geographical essays, and in 1996, The Last Thing He Wanted, a romantic thriller, was published as well. el, Run, River which was published in 1963. A few years after returning to California with her new husband, Didion published Slouching Towards Bethlehem in 1968, her first work of non-fiction.

Didion began writing The Year of Magical Thinking on October 4th, 2004 and finished 88 days later on New Year's Eve. She went on a book tour following the release of this memoir, doing many readings and interviews to promote it. She has said that she found the process very therapeutic during her period of mourning .

In 2007, she began working on a one-woman adaptation of The Year of Magical Thinking. Produced by Scott Rudin, this Broadway play is set to star Vaness Redgrave. Although at first she was hesitant about the idea of writing a play, she has since found this new genre to be quite exciting.

Joan Didion is scheduled to write an HBO biopic directed by Robert Bentonon on the famous newspaper dame, Katharine Graham. It currently remains untitled. Sources say it may trace Graham's paper, The Washington Post, in its dogged reportage on the Watergate scandal which led to President Richard Nixon's resignation. (Wiki source)

Personal Life

While in New York and working at Vogue, Didion met her future husband of almost forty years, John Gregory Dunne, who at the time was writing for Time Magazine. The couple was married in 1964 and moved to Los Angeles, California soon after, with intentions of staying only temporarily. California ultimately became their home for the next twenty years.

In the title essay of The White Album, Didion documents a nervous breakdown she experienced in the summer of 1968. After undergoing a psychiatric evaluation, she is diagnosed as having had an attack of vertigo and nausea. el, Run, River which was published in 1963. A few years after returning to California with her new husband, Didion published Slouching Towards Bethlehem in 1968, her first work of non-fiction. InThe White Album, Didion also recounts her 1969 diagnosis with multiple sclerosis, although the disease went into remission in 1972. (Wiki source)

In the midst of dealing with their only daughter's life-threatening illness, Dunne suffered a fatal heart attack one night while at the dinner table. At the time of her father's sudden death, Quintana was in the ICU with pneumonia, which subsequently put her into septic shock and a coma. Didion put off Dunne's funeral arrangements for approximately a month until her daughter was well enough to attend the service; however, it wasn't long before tragedy struck Joan Didion once again. While her daughter was preparing to board a plan at LAX, she collapsed from a massive hematoma. She required six hours of brain surgery at UCLA Medical Center, yet, while Didion was in the middle of her New York promotion for The Year of Magical Thinking her daughter was dying . Quintana Roo died on August 26, 2005 in New York City at the age of 39.

Physically, Didion is most commonly described as being a thin, frail woman. Even at the younger age of 44, Didion was said to weigh just 95 pounds at 5 feet 2 inches in height. She claims that she has an Okie accent, which she attributes to picking up in Sacramento high schools. el, Run, River which was published in 1963. A few years after returning to California with her new husband, Didion published Slouching Towards Bethlehem in 1968, her first work of non-fiction.

In 1979, Didion was living in Brentwood Park, California, a quite, residential suburb of Los Angeles. As of 2005, Didion has resided in an apartment on East 71st Street in New York City.

Published Works

Fiction

• Run, River (1963)
• Play It As It Lays (1970)
• A Book of Common Prayer (1977)
• Democracy (1984)
• The Last Thing He Wanted (1996)

Nonfiction

• Slouching Towards Bethlehem (1968)
• The White Album (1979)
• Salvador (1983)
• Miami (1987)
• After Henry (1992)
• Political Fictions (2001)
• Where I Was From (2003)
• Fixed Ideas: America Since 9.11 (2003; preface by Frank Rich)
• Vintage Didion (2004)
• The Year of Magical Thinking (2005)
• We Tell Ourselves Stories in Order to Live: Collected Nonfiction (2006; includes her first seven volumes of nonfiction)

Drama

• The Year of Magical Thinking (2006)

Screenplays

• The Panic in Needle Park (1971)
• Play It As It Lays (1972) (based on her novel)
• A Star Is Born (1976)
• True Confessions (1981)
• Up Close & Personal (1996)

Didion As a Writer

New Journalism

New Journalism seeks to communicate facts through narrative storytelling and literary techniques. This style is also described as creative nonfiction, intimate journalism, or literary nonfiction. Tom Wolfe, author of The New Journalism( 1974), popularized this style in that “it is possible to write journalism that would…read like a novel” . New Journalist writers tend to turn away from “just the facts” and focus more upon the dialogue of the situation and the scenarios that the author may have experienced. The style gives the author more creative freedom and blends elements of fiction, opinon, and fact. This can help to represent the truth and reality through the authors eyes. Exhibiting subjectivity is a major theme in New Journalism. Here, the author’s voice is critical to a reader forming opinions and thoughts concerning the work .

In Didion's 1968 publication, Slouching Towards Bethlehem, much of what New Journalism represents is exemplified through this collection of essays. These essays explore the cultural values and experiences of American life in the 1960’s. Didion includes her personal feelings and memories in this first person narrative, describing the chaos of individuals and the way in which they perceive the world.Didion rejects conventional journalism, instead she prefers to create a subjective approach to essays, a style that is her own.

Writing Style and Themes

Didion views the structure of the sentence to be essential to convey what she is expressing in her work. In her New York Times Article, Why I Write(1976) Didion states, " To Shift the structure of a sentence alters the meaning of that sentence, as definately and inflexably as the position of a camera alters the meaning of the object photographed...The arrangment of the words matters, and the arrangnment you want can be found in the picture in your mind...The picture tells you how to arragnge the words and the arragnment of the words tells you, or tells me, whats going on in the picture" . She is heavily influenced by Ernest Hemingway, someone who taught Didion the importance of the way sentences worked within a piece of writing. Other influences include Naturalist writer Henry James, one who wrote "perfect, inderect, complicated sentences", and George Eliot(1). Although Didion has been inspired predominately by male authors, she thinks of women as role models for life lessons, as opposed to writing style(1). Specifically, Didion mentions Brontes, because of her "encouragement of delusional theatricality"(1).

Through a combination of careful research, her perceptive eye,and the belief that it is the media thats tells us how to live, Joan Didion has become a valuable observer of journalists themselves .She believes that the difference between the process of fiction and nonfiction is the element of discovery that takes place in nonfiction. This happens not during the writing, but rather during the research (1). Like any writer, there are rituals that are apart of Didion's creative thought process. At the end of the day, Didion must take a break from writing to remove herself from the "pages"(1). She feels a closeness to her work, and without a necessary break, she cannot make proper adjustments. Didion spends a great deal of time cutting out and editing her prose before concluding her evening. The next day, Didion begins by looking over her work from the previous evening, and making even further adjustments as she sees fit. As this process culminates, Didion feels it necessary to sleep in the same room as her book. In Didion's own words, "That's one reason I go home to Sacremento to finish things. Somehow the book doesn't leave you when you're right next to it"(1).

Awards and Recognitions

Didion has received a great deal of recognition for one of her more recent book, The Year of Magical Thinking, which was awarded the National Book award in 2005. Documenting the grief she experienced following the sudden death of her husband, the book has been said to be a "masterpiece of two genres: memoir and investigative journalism" .

In 2007, Didion received the National Book Foundation's annual Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters for "her distinctive blend of spare, elegant prose and fierce intelligence." This same year, Didion also won the Evelyn F. Burkey Award from the Writers Guild of America. (copied from Wiki page - use that source)