Toyota 3S-GTE engine
The 3S-GTE is a legendary in-line 4-cylinder engine from Toyota utilising a turbocharger. It was fitted to the MR2 and the Celica. Its cylinders are numbered 1-2-3-4, cylinder number 1 is beside the timing belt. The cylinder head is made of aluminium alloy. The pen-roof combustion chambers are complemented by a cross flow intake and exhaust layout. Spark plugs are located in the middle of the combustion chambers. When ignited, the cylinders starts in the following order, 1-3-4-2.
The crankshaft, located within the crankcase, rotates on 5 aluminium alloy bearings and is balanced by 8 weights. Oil holes are located in the middle of the crankshaft to provide oil to the connecting rods, bearing, pistons and various other components.
The intake manifold has 8 independent ports and benefits from the inertia build up to improve engine torque at low and medium speeds.
A single timing belt drives the intake and exhaust camshaft. The cam journal is supported on 5 points between the valve lifters of each cylinder and on the front of the cylinder head. The cam journals are lubricated by oiler port located in the middle of the camshaft.
To adjust the valve clearance, adjust the shims abouve the valve lifters(Outer Shim Type System). This allows for the replacement of the shims without the need to remove the chamshaft.
The pistons are made from an alluminium alloy, design to withstand high temperatures. An indentation is incorporated into the pistons to prevent the pistons from "knocking" into the valves. Piston pins holding the pistons in place are locked by by snap rings.
The 1st compression ring and the oil ring is made of steel, the 2nd compression ring is made of cast iron. Compression ring 1 and 2, prevents gas leakages from the combustion chamber whilst the oil ring works to clear oil off the cylinder walls, preventing any excessive oil from entering the combustion chamber.
The cast iron cylinder block holds 4 cylinders which are approximately 2 times the length of the piston stroke. The top of the cylinders are covered by the cylinder head. Build into the cylinder blocks are coolant channels, which cools the block which houses the crankcase.
At the bottom of the cylinder block is an oil pan which stores the oil. An panel is used to ensure that there are sufficient oil available in the oil pan, as the oil moves around the reservoir during movement of the vehicle. This prevents oil from being shifted away from the oil pump suction pipe.
