Interactive Visualization
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Interactive Visualization is a computer science discipline using what is commonly called "virtual reality" to allow people to interact with images of large data sets.
For example, the University of California, Irvine, has a Creative Interactive Visualization Laboratory focused on Large-scale Visualization, Interactive Rendering, and Virtual Reality:
One product of the lab is the InVis system, suitable for viewing medical data sets such as scans of the body:
"Interactive behavior is an essential feature of the system, because it enables the user to manipulate and adjust the visualization straight on demand."