Scott Fahlman
Scott Elliott Fahlman (born March 21, 1948, in Medina, Ohio, U.S.) is a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. He is notable for early work on automated planning in a blocks world, on semantic networks, on neural networks (and, in particular, the cascade correlation algorithm) and on Common Lisp (in particular CMU Common Lisp). Recently, Fahlman has been engaged in constructing a Knowledge Base, "Scone" based in part on his thesis work on the NETL Semantic Network.
Fahlman is credited with originating the first smiley emoticon,[1][2][3] which he thought would help people on a message board at Carnegie Mellon to distinguish serious posts from jokes. He proposed the use of :-) and :-( for this purpose, and the symbols caught on. The original message from which these symbols originated was posted on September 19, 1982. The message was recovered by Jeff Baird on September 10, 2002[4] and is quoted below:
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19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman :-) From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c> I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers:
Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more economical to mark things that are NOT jokes, given current trends. For this, use
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Though credited with originating the smiley emoticons, he was not the first emoticon user; a similar marker appeared in an article of Reader's Digest in May 1967.[5] In an interview printed in the New York Times in 1969, Vladimir Nabokov noted, "I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile--some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket".[6]
Fahlman received his bachelor's degree and master's degree in 1973 from MIT, and his Ph.D. from MIT in 1977. His thesis advisors were Drs Gerald Sussman and Patrick Winston. He is a fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.
Fahlman acted as the thesis advisor for Donald Cohen, David B. McDonald, David S. Touretzky, Skef Wholey, Justin Boyan, and Michael Witbrock.
From May 1996 to July 2000, Fahlman directed Justsystem Pittsburgh Research Center.
Smiley Award
He and his colleagues, in the fall of 2007, created a student contest, a student award to foster innovation in technology-assisted person-person communication.[7]
References
- ^ Business Week Online, April 23, 2001
- ^ Scott Fahlman's Smiley Lore page, containing his version of the history, accessed Sept. 19, 2007
- ^ ":-) turns 25". Associated Press. 2007-09-20. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ^ Fahlman's original message Retrieved February 19, 2009.
- ^ Urban Legends Reference Pages: Emoticon (Smiley) Origin
- ^ Nabokov, Vladimir (1973), Strong Opinions, New York, pp. 133–134, doi:10.2277/052153643X, ISBN 0-679-72609-8
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "They Said It", Science, 317 (5846): 1841, 2007, doi:10.1126/science.317.5846.1841c.