Generalized Newtonian fluid

A generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress, τ, is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation.

$\tau =F\left({\frac {\partial u}{\partial y}}\right)$

where: ∂u/∂y is the shear rate or the velocity gradient perpendicular to the plane of shear (SI unit s⁻¹).

The quantity

$\mu _{\operatorname {eff} }={{F\left({\frac {\partial u}{\partial y}}\right)}{\bigg /}{\frac {\partial u}{\partial y}}}$

represents an apparent or effective viscosity as a function of the shear rate (SI unit Pa⋅s).

The most commonly used types of generalized Newtonian fluids are:

• Power-law fluid
• Cross fluid
• Carreau fluid
• Second-order fluid

See also

• Navier–Stokes equations
• Newtonian fluid
• Non-Newtonian fluid