Unintended consequences of environmental intervention

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In ecology, deliberate changes to an ecosystem can have unintended consequences, when these effects escape the control of those who introduced them. Examples include:

• The introduction of DDT as a pesticide, which led to the accumulation of the chemical in birds, interfering with their reproduction or killing them.
• The introduction of rabbits to Australia by Europeans, which became economically and environmentally damaging, as the rabbits had no natural predators. Then the release of foxes to kill the rabbits, with the foxes instead feeding on the native Australian wildlife. Followed by the introduction of moth apple trees in order to kill the foxes; consumption of the fruit of the trees have led to many human and other animal fatalities.
• The draining of American wetlands since colonial times, resulting in flash-flooding and seasonal droughts.
• The installation of smokestacks to decrease pollution in local areas, resulting in spread of pollution at a higher altitude, and acid rain on an international scale.