James Braidwood
James Braidwood (1800–1861) founded the world's first municipal fire service in Edinburgh in 1824, and was the first director of the London Fire Engine Establishment (the brigade which was eventually to become the London Fire Brigade).[1] He is credited with the development of the modern municipal fire service.[2]
He was born in Edinburgh the tenth child of Francis James Braidwood a cabinetmaker, and Janet Mitchell. He was educated at the Royal High School. He learned about the construction of buildings after joining his father's building firm as an apprentice, knowledge he was later to put to good use.
Appointed Master of Fire Engines in 1824, at the age of twenty-four, Braidwood established principles of fire-fighting that are still applied today. His training as a surveyor gave him exceptional knowledge of the behaviour of building materials and housing conditions in the Old Town of Edinburgh. He recruited to the service expert tradesmen - slaters, carpenters, masons and plumbers - who could apply their various fields of expertise to fire fighting. He also recruited experienced mariners for an occupation that required heavy manual work in hauling engines and trundling wheeled escape ladders up and down Edinburgh's steep streets, as well as nimble footwork when negotiating rooftops and moving through partially destroyed buildings. His many original ideas of practical organisation and methodology, published in 1830, were adopted throughout Britain. He was, however, resistant to the introduction of steam-driven engines. In 1833 he left Edinburgh to lead the London Fire Engine Establishment.
Braidwood was distinguished for his heroism on the occasion of great fires in Edinburgh (1824) and London (1830). He also undertook a pastoral role, introducing visits to ordinary firemen and their families by the London City Mission. On 22 June 1861 his life was claimed in the Tooley Street fire [3] at Cotton's Wharf near London Bridge Station when a falling wall crushed him to death. It took two days to recover his body and his heroism led to a massive funeral on 29 June, a public spectacle equal almost to the Tooley Street fire itself,[4] which continued to burn for a fortnight and causing ₤2,000,000 damage. A London fireboat was named in his honour in the 1930s.
Braidwood is buried at Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington, London, within sight of the Stoke Newington Fire Station.
National Memorial
The death of James Braidwood, whilst engaged in fire fighting duties,is recorded on the National Firefighters Memorial which is located adjacent to St Pauls Cathedral in the City of London. More information at www.firefightersmemorial.co.uk
Remembered, 2004
A group of former London Firefighters decided to form a new Masonic Lodge. They chose to remember the life and death of this famous fireman by naming the Lodge after him. Consecrated in 2005 this is now known as the Braidwood Lodge Number 9802 in the Province of West Kent.
Recognizing the lack of publications on Fire Engines in the English language, Braidwood published what is regarded as one of the first text books on the science of fire engineering in 1830: On the Construction of Fire Engines and Apparatus.[5] Although many historical (Public domain) books often are re-published, Braidwood's book was officially re-published as a second edition in 2004. Braidwood also authored Fire prevention and fire extinction [6], published posthumously in 1866.
New Memorial, 2008
On 5 September 2008, the James Braidwood memorial statue in Parliament Square, Edinburgh was unveiled by Professor Sir Timothy O'Shea, Principal of Edinburgh University.[7] A fund had been established for a £75,000 memorial to Braidwood, to be created by the Glasgow sculptor, Kenneth Mackay, led by Dr Frank Rushbrook CBE, 93-year-old former Firemaster at Lothian & Borders Fire Brigade. The statue stands around the corner from the site of the original main fire station in the High Street. The bronze plaque below it reads:
James Braidwood
1800 - 1861
Father of the British Fire Service
This statue is dedicated to the memory of James Braidwood, a pioneer of the scientific approach to fire-fighting. It also recognises the courage and sacrifice of fire-fighters, not only in Lothian & Borders Fire and Rescue Service, but all over the world.
Dr Rushbrook is also the benefactor of the Fire Laboratory that lies at the heart of the BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, in the School of Engineering at The University of Edinburgh. The laboratory was opened in 2003, and has since been expanded to two floors.
References
- ^ London Fire Brigade website
- ^ The foundations of the modern fire service, Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service
- ^ London Fire Brigade website, Tooley Street Fire
- ^ Edinburgh University profile of James Braidwood
- ^ On the Construction of Fire Engines and Apparatus by James Braidwood, 2nd edition, 2004. Preface by Brian Allaway
- ^ Fire prevention and fire extinction
- ^ 'No bells and no whistles for 'father of firefighting', The Scotsman 26 July 2008
True Hero - The Life and Times of James Braidwood Father of the British Fire Service by Brian Henham
- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Braidwood, James". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
