Paul Clifford

For other people named Paul Clifford, see Paul Clifford (disambiguation).

Paul Clifford

First edition title page
Author	Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Language	English
Genre	Novel
Publisher	Henry Colburn Richard Bentley
Publication date	1830
Publication place	United Kingdom
Media type	Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages	436
ISBN	NA

Paul Clifford is a novel published in 1830 by English author Edward Bulwer-Lytton. It tells the life of Paul Clifford, a man who leads a dual life as both a criminal and an upscale gentleman. The book was successful upon its release.

Though "Clifford" is rarely read among the general reading public today, it contains one of the most widely known Incipits in English literary history: "It was a dark and stormy night." It is frequently invoked for its atmospheric and neo-Gothic description, often in the mystery, detective, horror, and thriller genres. Because of its Romantic qualities, it has likewise become a textbook example of purple prose.

"It was a dark and stormy night" is only the beginning of the full first sentence:

It was a dark and stormy night; the rain fell in torrents—except at occasional intervals, when it was checked by a violent gust of wind which swept up the streets (for it is in London that our scene lies), rattling along the housetops, and fiercely agitating the scanty flame of the lamps that struggled against the darkness.

Allusions/references from other works

The opening of the book was the inspiration for San Jose State University's annual Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, which celebrates the worst in English writing. The contest includes a "Dark and Stormy night" section, which is intended to find the worst introduction that can be made from the beginning of that sentence. The competition highlights literary achievements of the most dubious sort; "We want writers with a little talent but no taste," says San Jose State English Professor Scott Rice.

The line was also frequently parodied in Charles Schulz' Peanuts comic strip by showing Snoopy repeatedly starting a novel that starts with the first part of the opening sentence. The science fiction novel A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle also borrows, in a somewhat subversive manner, the opening line.

In the book Two Years Before the Mast, Richard Henry Dana, Jr. recounts with enthusiasm his reading of Paul Clifford while at sea off the California coast.

It is also referenced in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode The Royale. The book the episode revolves around starts with the opening line.

External links

• Paul Clifford at Project Gutenberg