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Karin Magnussen

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Karin Magnussen
Born(1908-02-09)9 February 1908
Died19 February 1997(1997-02-19) (aged 89)
Parent

Karin Magnussen (Born 9 February 1908 in Bremen; † February 19 , 1997) was a German biologist and teacher who propagated the Nazi racial theory . At the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute, she examined the eyes of murdered prisoners from the Auschwitz concentration camp, which were sent to her by the Concentration camp doctor Josef Mengele. (trans. from German by Google. From de.wikipedia.org, Karin Magnussen.)

Early Life

Karin Magnussen, daughter of the landscape painter and ceramist Walter Magnussen, grew up with her sister in a middle-class home. She completed her schooling in Bremen, graduating with the degree. Then she studied biology, geology, chemistry, and physics at the University of Göttingen. Magnussen joined the National Socialist German Students' League (NSDStB) while she was still an undergraduate in college; by 1931 (when she was 23) she was a member of the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party. Later she became a leader of the League of German Girls (Bänd Deutscher Mädel, or BDM), and a member of the National Socialist Teachers League. As a BDM leader, she held talks about the politics of race and population. She graduated in 1932 with an an examination in the subjects of Botany, zoology and geology. In July 1932, her thesis was accepted: Studies on the physiology of the butterfly wing. [1]

After her doctorate Dr. rer. NAT. she was busy at the Zoological Institute of the University of Göttingen in Alfred Kühn. She was the first and later the second on her State exam for a high school teaching Office, inter alia in biology then still in 1936.In Hanover Magnussen was as a teacher employed at a secondary school. Magnussen may have modeled herself after "...the biologist Agnes Bluhm (worked at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Biologie) who wrote "Die rassenhygienischen Aufgaben des weiblichen Arztes", Berlin, 1934, and who unhesitatingly supported Hitler's regime." In 1935 Magnussen went to work in the Nazi Racial Policy Office in the District of Hanover. A year later, she authored "Implements of race and population policies"[2]

National Socialist

Magnussen was fanatical during the 1914–1948 wars, and joined the National Socialist German student League (NSDStB) already during her studies. Already in 1931, she became member of the NSDAP. Later, she became BDM leader and was a member of the National Socialist teachers League (NSLB). [3] In Bremen, she lectured on racial and demographics. Magnussen was BDM leader in the Gau. She was in 1935 in the Gau Hannover in the Racial Politics Office employed. [4] Her publication of racial and folkisch political tools appeared in 1936. [3] In 1939 when Lehmann in Munich-threaded output of this font was used. After the end of the second world war in the Soviet zone of occupation on the list of the literature prohibited. [5]

In the third published edition of 1943, Magnussen expressed as follows:


"This war is not just about the preservation of the German people, but on the question, what races and peoples should live in the future on the soil of Europe.... Basically England had no interest on the conduct of this war, but it is only a very different people, which works as a parasite behind the scenes and is afraid to lose everything else. In all enemy States, Judaism has significant influence. And just as Judaism had probably the clearest recognized that the decisive struggle of the question was to be performed. The current war must therefore also about the repression of the black danger in the West and the elimination of the Bolshevik threat in the East, which still resolves a racial problem in Europe, which all States are more or less interested in: the Jewish question. Also the Jew who enjoys hosting in our country, is our enemy, even if he does not actively engage with the weapon in the fight. …From the European point of view, the Jewish question is resolved in that the Jews from the racially emigrate thinking in the other States. We have seen that these emigrants are only trouble spots and set up the peoples against each other." [6]

Employment at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute

Due to a scholarship, Magnussen was suspended in the fall of 1941 from her teacher profession and moved to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for anthropology, human heritage and eugenics (KWI-A), in Berlin-Dahlem. [7] From this time on, she worked in the Department of experimental pathology of heritage under the Department head Hans Nachtsheim. Her research focused on the inheritance of eye color in rabbits and humans. [8]

Her particular interest was the Heterochromic IRISthat she examined since 1938. Magnussen tried the scientific proof to lead that the eye is not only genetic but also hormonal. While there she initially undertook studies on rabbit eyes. [9] In July 1943, she was research assistant of Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, at the KWI-A. [7]

At the KWI-A she met also Mengele who worked there temporarily.

The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) promoted one to "Explore the heritage conditionality for the development of eye color as a basis for racial and ethnicity studies" from 1943, in addition to eight other research projects at the KWI-A. This project was edited by Magnussen. [10] [11]

Involvement in crimes of concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau

About a colleague, she received the information that under the Sinti, more twins and family members with IRIS Heterochromic would are family Mechau from northern Germany. Members of the family were taken in the spring of 1943 to the KWI-A, where they were photographed. In March 1943, the Sinti family in the Auschwitz concentration camp was deported, where Mengele worked since late May 1943 as camp physician. This circumstance allowed Mengele to carry out the experiments that she had done on rabbits, on the people.

According to a statement by Magnussen, Mengele dealt among other things with the eyes of these Sinti family using hormonal substances. These painful interventions resulted in the victims often in suppuration and blindness. These experiments aimed at the investigation and eradication of the abnormality in people with Heterochromic IRIS. In the event of death of the prisoners, Mengele pledged to Magnussen to give her the eyes of the victims for further research and evaluation. [12]In the second half of 1944 was sent to Magnussen the eyes of the experiment victims from Auschwitz-Birkenau in several deliveries. [13] Not less than 40 pairs of eyes should have been received by Magnussen from Auschwitz-Birkenau. [14]

The Hungarian prisoner pathologist Miklos Nyiszli noted after the autopsy of Sinti twins that it was not due to illness, but by a chloroform injection to the heart they had been killed. Nyiszli had to prepare their eyes and send them to the KWI-A. [12]


At least until the spring of 1945, Magnussen was in Berlin. Succeeded with a carpal nickel Bock and other material from the KWI-A to relatives to Göttingen to settle her. [15]

After the war

After the end of the Second World War , Magnussen moved to Bremen again and continued her research. [2] Her 1944 completed research was published in 1949 on the relationship between histological distribution of pigment, Iris color and pigmentation of the eyeball at the human eye, was the title. [16]

It was later in Bremen she was denazified.

In 1950, Magnussen taught girls high school in Bremen. She worked as study Counsellor and official including teaching biology. She was considered a popular teacher who led an interesting biology lesson. Magnussen's pupils could examine, for example, living and dead rabbits from their breeding. Until 1964, essays in scientific journals were published by Magnussen. Magnussen retired in August 1970. Even in old age, the Nazi racial ideology was justified by Magnussen. So she noted in 1980 in a conversation with the geneticist Benno Müller-Hill that the Nuremberg laws were not far? enough. She also denied until the last minute that Mengele would have killed children for their scientific studies. [17]

She was entangled by her cooperation with Mengele and the supply of "Human material" and mired deep in concentration camp crimes, but of which she wanted to knew nothing.

1990 Magnussen moved to a nursing home. Several more glasses with eyes of Auschwitz have been found in the budget resolution. These glasses were disposed of then (according to a family member). Two biographies about her mother and her father, the early of 1990s appeared in Bremen. [2] Magnussen died in February 1997 in Bremen.

Literature

Wolfgang Schieder, Achim Trunk: Adolf Butenandt and the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft. Science, industry and politics in the Third Reich. Series: History of the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft IM Nationalsozialismus, 7 Hg. Max Planck Society for the advancement of science, Wallenstein, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 978-3-89244-423-7

Hans Hesse: eyes from Auschwitz. A lesson in National Socialist racial delusion and medical research. The case of Dr. Karin Magnussen, plain text, Essen 2001, ISBN 3-89861-009-8 Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, in: Jessica Hoffman, Anja Megel, Robert Parzer & Helena Seidel eds.: Dahlemer Memorial locations, Frank & Timme Verlag for scientific literature, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86596-144-0

Ernst Klee: the person lexicon to the Third Reich: who was what before and after 1945? Fischer, Frankfurt 2007, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 DSB.: Auschwitz, NAZI medicine and its victims. 3Rd Edition. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 1997, ISBN 3-596-14906-1

Carola Sachse Ed.: the link to Auschwitz. Life sciences and human experiments at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts. Documentation of a symposium. Wallenstein, Göttingen 2003 series: history of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft IM Nationalsozialismus, 6. ISBN 3-89244-699-7 (interim report see Web links)

Hans-Walter Schmuhl: Grenzüberschreitungen. Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Anthropologie, menschliche Erblehre und Eugenik 1927–1945. Reihe: Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus, 9. Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-799-3

Literatur von und über Karin Magnussen im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Online Magnussen passim. Verf. Carola Sachse & Benoit Massin. Stand: 2000 (Vorläuf. Ergebnisse)

References

  1. ^ "Karin Magnussen".
  2. ^ a b c ibid
  3. ^ a b Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 387
  4. ^ Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, Berlin 2007, S. 193f.
  5. ^ Deutsche Verwaltung für Volksbildung in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone, Liste der auszusondernden Literatur, Berlin: Zentralverlag, 1946
  6. ^ Aus ihrem Buch: Rassen- und bevölkerungspolitisches Rüstzeug. 3. Aufl. Lehmanns, München 1943, S. 201-203. Mit "Schwarze Gefahr" sind vermutlich Afrikaner gemeint, vgl. Rheinlandbastarde, ein beliebtes NS-Feindbild
  7. ^ a b Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 387.
  8. ^ Wolfgang Schieder, Achim Trunk: Adolf Butenandt und die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft: Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik im Dritten Reich., Göttingen 2004, S. 297f.
  9. ^ Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, Berlin 2007, S. 195
  10. ^ Hans Hesse: "Ich konnte nicht auf die Auswertung eines so wertvollen Materials verzichten - Augen aus Auschwitz: Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Anthropologie und der Fall Karin Magnussen", WeltOnline vom 31. August 2001
  11. ^ Hans-Walter Schmuhl: Grenzüberschreitungen. Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Anthropologie, menschliche Erblehre und Eugenik 1927–1945. Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus, Band 9. Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, S. 370
  12. ^ a b Rolf Winau: Medizinische Exeperimente in Konzentrationslagern, Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (Hrsg.): Der Ort des Terrors – Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, Band 1: Die Organisation des Terrors, C.H. Beck, München 2005, ISBN 3-406-52961-5, S. 174.
  13. ^ Ilkka Remes: Das Erbe des Bösen, S. 3 (pdf).
  14. ^ Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, Berlin 2007, S. 197
  15. ^ Ernst Klee: Auschwitz, die NS-Medizin und ihre Opfer., Frankfurt am Main 1997, S. 486.
  16. ^ Hans-Walter Schmuhl: Grenzüberschreitungen. Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Anthropologie, menschliche Erblehre und Eugenik 1927–1945. Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus, Band 9. Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, S.490
  17. ^ Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, Berlin 2007, S. 199f.


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