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Hurricane Odile

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Hurricane Odile
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Odile as a Category 4 hurricane on September 14, 2014
FormedSeptember 10, 2014
DissipatedSeptember 19, 2014
(Remnant low after September 17)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 130 mph (215 km/h)
Lowest pressure922 mbar (hPa); 27.23 inHg
Fatalities5 deaths, 4 missing
Areas affectedMexico, Southwestern United States
Part of the 2014 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Odile is the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall over the Baja California peninsula in the satellite era.[1] It was the sixteenth tropical storm, eleventh hurricane, and eighth major hurricane of the 2014 Pacific hurricane season.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 7, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring disorganized convection in association with a trough several hundred miles south of the Mexican coastline.[2] The disturbance gradually organized within an environment of moderate northeasterly wind shear, and it acquired sufficient organization to be declared a tropical depression at 0900 UTC on September 10.[3] Six hours later, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Odile.[4] By September 13, Odile had acquired sufficient organization for the NHC to upgrade it to a Category 1 hurricane.[5] During the evening hours, Odile underwent rapid deepening as it intensified to a Category 2. [6] Odile thereafter was upgraded to a major hurricane six hours later, as it had further intensified to a Category 4 major hurricane with peak winds of 135 mph and a pressure of 922 mb.[7]

Shortly after attaining peak intensity, Odile began to weaken because of an eyewall replacement cycle and after encountering the cold wake of Hurricane Norbert. At 4:45 UTC, Hurricane Odile made landfall near Cabo San Lucas with winds of 125 mph and a pressure of 930 mb. In terms of wind speed, this ties Odile with Hurricane Olivia of 1967 as the strongest tropical cyclone to ever hit the Baja peninsula, and the strongest in terms of minimum pressure at landfall; thus making Odile the strongest storm overall.[8] Despite being over the high terrain of Baja California, Odile slowly weakened to a tropical storm. After being over the high terrain of Baja California, Odile turned northeast and briefly entered the Baja California Peninsula taking a path towards Northern Mexico and Arizona. Despite being over sea surface temperatures of 31-32 degrees Celsius, moderate wind shear and proximity to land prohibited intensification. Shortly after entering the peninsula, Tropical Storm Odile weakened to a Tropical Depression and made landfall in Northern Mexico with winds of 35 mph. Odile quickly degenerated into a remnant low and began moving towards Texas. During the next couple of days, Odile continued to weaken while triggering flash floods across Arizona, New Mexico, and eventually, Texas. Early on September 19, the NHC issued its final advisory on Odile's remnant low, as its remnant circulation had collapsed just east of the southern end of the Arizona-New Mexico state border. Despite this, the remnant moisture of Odile continued to drift eastward, triggering more thunderstorms and flooding across New Mexico and Texas.

Preparations

Shortly after formation, a "yellow" alert was issued for western Michoacán, while a "green" alert was issued for the rest of the state, Colima, and Jalisco. A "blue" alert was in effect for Nayarit, Oaxaca, and Guerrero.[9] When the hurricane abruptly veered towards Mexico, the Baja California Peninsula was placed under "red" (maximum) alert.[10] A state of emergency was declared on September 14 in La Paz, Los Cabos, Comondú, Loreto and Mulegé.[11] In Cabo San Lucas, 2,100 marine workers were set up to start evacuations.[12] In La Paz, classes were suspended[13] and the city's airport was closed.[14] Throughout the peninsula, 164 shelters were opened,[15] which can accommodate 30,000 people.[16] However, only 3,500 persons used these shelters.[14] At the time of landfall, hotels in the state were at 46% of capacity, equal to 30,000 tourists, 26,000 of which were foreigners.[17] The ports of La Paz, Los Cabos, San José del Cabo, and Loreto were closed. Elsewhere, 214 people were evacuated to shelter in Sinaloa.[18] Moreover, much of southern Sonora was placed under a "yellow" alert, while a "green" alert was in effect for the central part of the state.[19] On September 15, the "yellow" alert was upgraded to a "red alert" while classes were canceled in 34 municipalities.[20] After entering in the Gulf of California, a "red" alert was declared for Hermosillo.[21]

Pacific hurricanes with a wind speed of 140 mph (220 km/h) or higher at landfall
Hurricane Season Wind speed Ref.
Otis 2023 160 mph (260 km/h) [22]
Patricia 2015 150 mph (240 km/h) [23]
Madeline 1976 145 mph (230 km/h) [24]
Iniki 1992 [25]
Twelve 1957 140 mph (220 km/h) [26]
"Mexico" 1959 [26]
Kenna 2002 [27]
Lidia 2023 [28]

Impact

Mexico

Hurricane Odile making landfall near Cabo San Lucas, Mexico

Heavy rains partially associated with the storm brought flooding to Oaxaca resulted in two fatalities; a 9-year old was swept away in a river while a company worker was struck by lightning.[29] Due to a combination of high waves and storm surge, 69 buildings in Acapulco were damaged, including 18 restaurants and a portion of a scenic walkway.[30] Along the beaches of Nayarit and Colima, minor damage was reported.[31] On the beach in Puerto Vallarta, two people were killed due to high waves.[32]

After making landfall as a major hurricane, Odile brought widespread damage; many trees and power poles were down, blocking many roads.[33] At least 239,000 people were left without electricity throughout Baja California Sur,[34] equal to around 92% of the state's population.[21] All flights in and out of the peninsula were cancelled.[35] In Los Cabos alone, approximately 3,000-4,000 persons were stranded due to the cancellation of 44 flights.[36] Throughout the peninsula, 30,000 vacationers were stranded,[37] including 26,000 from other nations, mainly from the United States, Canada, and England, were evacuated to shelters. By September 16, many tourists were airlifted to surrounding airports, including Tijuana, Mazatlán, Guadalajara, and Mexico City,[38] although one person perished on a flightback due to a heart attack due to the stress the storm created.[39] Officials estimated that it would take 10 days for the Los Cabos airport to fully re-open.[40] In the aftermath, looting was reported, and martial law was declared.[41]

Offshore, eight fishermen were rescued.[14] In Cabo San Lucas, many trees and poles were downed[42] and 135 people were hurt.[43] The city of San José del Cabo sustained severe damage from the hurricane, where drinking water and communication services were lost.[18] Along the La Paz harbor, 22 boats were damaged. Four others were listed missing at sea.[44] Overall, over 11,000 people were evacuated due to flooding.[21] A total of 2,180 power poles were downed, including 800 in the Los Cabos area.[21] Preliminary estimates indicate that insured losses could exceed $12 billion pesos ($906.4 million USD).[45]

On the eastern side of the peninsula, in the Bahía de los Ángeles area, 90 families were homeless due to floodwaters 1 m (3.3 ft) deep.[46] Following the disaster, about 500 workers were deployed to provide 2,000 groceries to victims.[47] That town was cut off when the hurricane destroyed the only road in.[41]

United States

The remnants of Hurricane Odile caused damage across central and eastern San Diego County, generating high winds and several uncharacteristically powerful thunderstorms in the region. Gusty winds uprooted trees, felled branches, cut power lines, crushed several cars, and flipped at least one airplane at Montgomery Field Airport.[48][49] A sheriff deputy died in Texas and an oil field worker died in New Mexico as a result of flooding from Odile.[50]

See also

References

  1. ^ Daniel P. Brown (September 15, 2014). Hurricane Odile Discussion Number 21. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  2. ^ Daniel P. Brown (September 7, 2014). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  3. ^ Michael J. Brennan (September 10, 2014). "Tropical Depression Fifteen-E Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  4. ^ John P. Cangialosi (September 10, 2014). "Tropical Storm Odile Discussion Number 2". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  5. ^ Michael J. Brennan (September 13, 2014). "Hurricane Odile Discussion Number 13". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  6. ^ Jack Beven (September 13, 2014). "Hurricane Odile Discussion Number 16". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  7. ^ Daniel P. Brown (September 14, 2014). "Hurricane Odile Discussion Number 17". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  8. ^ "Hurricane Odile Trackng Data". Unisys Hurricane Data. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  9. ^ "Decretan alerta en seis estados por tormenta Odile" (in Spanish). September 10, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  10. ^ "Alerta máxima en Baja California por huracán Odile" (in Spanish). September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  11. ^ "Declaratoria de emergencia en BCS para 5 municipios" (in Spanish). September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  12. ^ "Inician desalojos en Cabo San Lucas por huracán Odile" (in Spanish). September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  13. ^ "Por Odile, extienden alerta a La Paz; suspenden clases" (in Spanish). September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  14. ^ a b c "Crece alerta en BCS por huracán Odile" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  15. ^ "Odile impactará Los Cabos y La Paz a las 23:00 horas" (in Spanish). September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  16. ^ "Crece alerta en BCS por huracán Odile" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  17. ^ "Odile pone en alerta a 5 estados" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Incomunicados por Odile, Los Cabos y San José del Cabo" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  19. ^ "Protección Civil de Sonora aumenta a alerta amarilla por Odile" (in Spanish). September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  20. ^ "Sonora activa alerta roja por Odile; suspende clases" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  21. ^ a b c d "Evalúa Gobierno federal daños en BCS por Odile" (in Spanish). September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014. Cite error: The named reference "EU21" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  22. ^ Brown, Daniel; Kelly, Larry (October 25, 2023). Hurricane Otis Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  23. ^ Kimberlain, Todd B.; Blake, Eric S.; Cangialosi, John P. (February 1, 2016). Hurricane Patricia (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  24. ^ Gunther, Emil B. (April 1977). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1976". Monthly Weather Review. 105 (4). Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center: 508–522. Bibcode:1977MWRv..105..508G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0508:EPTCO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  25. ^ The 1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season (PDF) (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 1993. Retrieved November 24, 2003.
  26. ^ a b Blake, Eric S; Gibney, Ethan J; Brown, Daniel P; Mainelli, Michelle; Franklin, James L; Kimberlain, Todd B; Hammer, Gregory R (2009). Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949-2006 (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 11, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  27. ^ Franklin, James L. (December 26, 2002). Hurricane Kenna (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  28. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Brown, Daniel (October 10, 2023). Hurricane Lidia Intermediate Advisory Number 31A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  29. ^ "Huracán 'Odile' no ha provocado muertes hasta el momento". La Policina (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  30. ^ "Daños en Guerrero por alto oleaje: Protección Civil" (in Spanish). September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  31. ^ "Odile deja daños leves en playas de Nayarit y Colima" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  32. ^ "Fuerte oleaje por 'Odile' causa dos muertes en Puerto Vallarta". La Jornanda (in Spanish). September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  33. ^ "Evalúan daños de "Odile" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  34. ^ "Looting and Damage in Baja as Hurricane Odile Weakens". Newsweek. September 16, 2014.
  35. ^ "Interjet cancela vuelos de Los Cabos y La Paz" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  36. ^ "Infraestructura de aeropuerto de Los Cabos, sin afectaciones" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  37. ^ "Battered Cabo picks up pieces from Hurricane Odile". USA Today. Associated Press. September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  38. ^ "Mexico airlifts tourists after Hurricane Odile". MSN News. September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  39. ^ "Travelers describe 'escape' from hurricane-devastated Mexico". ABC News. September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  40. ^ "Prevén en 10 días regularización de aeropuerto de Los Cabos" (in Spanish). September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  41. ^ a b "Escape from Los Cabos: Some Canadians return, some stuck in hurricane zone". CBC News. September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
  42. ^ "Reportan árboles y postes de luz caídos en Cabo San Lucas" (in Spanish). September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  43. ^ "Hurricane Odile Slams Cabo San Lucas, Leaves 'Demolished Paradise'". September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  44. ^ "Special Report:Hurricane Odile Damage". September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  45. ^ "Odile podría costar a sector asegurador más de 12 mmdp" (in Spanish). September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  46. ^ "Suman 90 familias afectadas en BC por Odile" (in Spanish). September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  47. ^ "Abre Cruz Roja centros de ayuda para damnificados" (in Spanish). September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  48. ^ "100-degree heat, storms turn San Diego suddenly into Florida". September 16, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  49. ^ "Wild storm passed, cleanup begins". September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  50. ^ "Sheriff's Deputy, Oil Field Worker Die in Odile Flooding". September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
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