Martensitic stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steel is a specific type of stainless steel alloy.
Stainless steels may be classified by their crystalline structure into three main types: Austenitic, Ferritic and Martensitic. Martensitic stainless steels can be high[1] or are low carbon steels built around the Type 410 composition of iron, 12% chromium, and 0.12% carbon. They are usually tempered and hardened. Tempered martensite gives steel good hardness and high toughness; used largely for medical tools (scalpals, razors and internal clamps).[2] Untempered martensite is low in toughness and therefore brittle.
The characteristic body centered tetragonal martensite microstructure was first observed by German microscopist Adolf Martens around 1890. In 1912, Elwood Haynes applied for a U.S. patent on a martensitic stainless steel alloy. This patent was not granted until 1919.[3]
Martensitic stainless steel can be tested by Nondestructive testing using the Magnetic particle inspection method, unlike austenitic stainless steel.
Also in 1912, Harry Brearley of the Brown-Firth research laboratory in Sheffield, England, while seeking a corrosion-resistant alloy for gun barrels, discovered and subsequently industrialized a martensitic stainless steel alloy. The discovery was announced two years later in a January 1915 newspaper article in The New York Times.[4] Brearly applied for a U.S. patent during 1915. This was later marketed under the "Staybrite" brand by Firth Vickers in England and was used for the new entrance canopy for the Savoy Hotel in 1929 in London.[5]
References
- ^ http://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/english/files/N690DE.pdf
- ^ Akhavan Tabatabae, Behnam; et al. (2009). "Influence of Retained Austenite on the Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel Castings". ISIJ International. 51 (3): 471–475.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author2=(help) - ^ Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries, p. 380, Rodney P. Carlisle, John Wiley and Sons, 2004, ISBN 0-471-24410-4, ISBN 978-0-471-24410-3
- ^ "A non-rusting steel". New York Times. 31 January 1915.
- ^ Sheffield Steel, ISBN 0-7509-2856-5