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Palestinian stone-throwing

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Palestinians throwing stones from the cover of an ambulance during riot at Qalandiya security checkpoint

Palestinian stone-throwing is a Palestinian political tactic or action in which rocks are hurled at Israeli civilians or security forces, or at the vehicles in which they are riding.

Conceptualizations

According to journalist Jodi Rudoren, many Palestinians see stone-throwing as, "a rite of passage and an honored act of defiance".[1]

Amira Hass has defended Palestinian stone-throwing as the, "birthright and duty of anyone subject to foreign rule", and as "a metaphor of resistance".[2]

Marouf Hasian and Lisa A. Flores have the interpreted stone-throwing that took place during the First Intifada as a means of creating a collective identity, a historical tradition, and - ultimately - a Palestinian nation.[3] David A. MacDonald understands stone throwing as, "resistance performance... strategically engineered to reinforce the sacred relationship between the nation and the land".[4]

Effectiveness as a tactic

Gene Sharp classifies stone-throwing as a form of "limited violence", writing that, "Palestinians see the stones as a way of expressing their defiance and rage", but, in Sharp's opinion, the tactic is "counterproductive" because Israelis "almost never see a stone thrown at them as a relatively nonviolent (form of) expression".[5]

Colonel Thomas Hammes, an analyst of asymmetrical warfare, considers that the tactical use of stone-throwing in the First Intifada was the key strategic move that enabled the Palestinian movement to "transformed (Israel) from the tiny, brave nation surrounded by hostile Arab nations to the oppressive state that condoned killing children in the street.[6]”

Deaths and casualties

On 29 January 1983 Esther Ohana was killed when a stone crashed through her car window, smashing into her head.[7]

On 24 February 1989 Staff Sargent Benny Meisner (25) was killed while on patrol by a concrete block thrown at him in Nablus.[7]

On 6 October 2000 Bachor Jean (Bachor Jann) (54) from Rishon Letzion was killed by a stone thrown from the vicinity of the Israeli Arab village of Jisr al-Zarqa through the window of the car in which he was a passenger as it drove along the Coastal Highway. The driver was able to continue to drive, and raced to the hospital to no avail.[7][8]

On 5 June 2001, Yehuda Shoham, a 5-month-old baby, was killed when a rock hurled by stone-throwing Palestinians crashed through the window of the car he was riding in, crushing his skull.[9][10][11][12]

In June 2005, a stone thrown by a Palestinian protester in Bil'in hit an Israeli soldier, causing him to lose an eye.[13]

On 23 September 2011, Asher and Yonatan Palmer were killed when the car Asher was driving was attacked by stone-throwing Palestinians, causing it to crash killing him along with his infant son.[14][15][16]

March 2013 Israeli toddler Adelle Biton was critically injured when a car was hit by Palestinians throwing rocks, causing it to swerve into the car she was riding in.[17][18][19]

In November 2014, the Israeli Cabinet approved a bill that will, if passed, increase the legal penalties for stone-throwing.[20][21][22][23]

References

  1. ^ Rudoren Jodi (3 August 2013). "In a West Bank Culture of Conflict, Boys Wield the Weapon at Hand". New York Times. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  2. ^ Hass, Amira (3 April 2013). "The inner syntax of Palestinian stone-throwing". Haaretz. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  3. ^ Hasian Flores, Marouf & Lisa (1997). "Children of the stones: The Intifada and the mythic creation of the Palestinian state". Southern Communication Journal. 62 (2): 89–106. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  4. ^ Macdonald, David A. (2013). Palestinian Music and Song: Expression and Resistance since 1900, Chapter 8, Performance Politics: Folklore and Popular Resistance during the First Palestinian Intifada. Indiana University Press. p. 133. ISBN 0253011132. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  5. ^ Sharp, Gene (Autumn 1989). "The Intifadah and Nonviolent Struggle". Journal of Palestine Studies. 19 (1): 3–13. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  6. ^ Hammes, Thomas X. (2006). The Sling and the Stone: On War in the 21st Century. Zenith Press. p. 108. ISBN 0760324077. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  7. ^ a b c IDF. "The Deadly Reality of Palestinian Rock Throwing". IDFBlog.com. Israel Defense Forces. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  8. ^ Ofer, Aderet (1 October 2010). "The intifada that was". Haaretz. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  9. ^ "Caught in the cross fire". The Washington Times. Associated Press. 11 September 2002. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  10. ^ "Yehuda Shoham". MFA. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  11. ^ Lefkovits, Etgar (7 June 2001). "'It's as if we've been abandoned'". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  12. ^ Reeves, Phil (12 June 2001). "Settlers' baby dies after Palestinian stoning". The Independent. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  13. ^ "Soldier hit by stone during anti-fence protest loses-eye". www.haaretz.com. 3 June 2005. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  14. ^ Shin Bet: 2 Palestinians admit throwing rocks that killed Israeli Asher Palmer and infant son Quote: "The site of the terror attack where Asher Palmer and his one-year-old son Yonatan were killed. "
  15. ^ Martin Gilbert. The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Routledge. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  16. ^ Pontz, Zach (9 January 2013). "IDF Lists 2012 Terror Incidents, Including Many "You've Probably Never Heard About"". The Algemeiner. Algemeiner.com.
  17. ^ Ross, Adam (15 October 2013). "Mother of Adelle Bitton: Prayers Work!". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  18. ^ Newman, Marissa (10 April 2013). "Court: Wounded 4-year-old to remain hospitalized". Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  19. ^ Newman, Marissa (13 February 2014). "Mother of injured toddler faces assailants in court". Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  20. ^ Revid, Barak (2 November 2014). "Home News National Netanyahu's cabinet backs bill to jail stone-throwers up to 10-20 year". Haaretz. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  21. ^ TOI (2 November 2014). "Ministers advance bill jailing rock throwers for up to 20 years Read more: Ministers advance bill jailing rock throwers for up to 20 years". Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  22. ^ Adamczyk, Ed (3 November 2014). "Harsher penalties for rock-throwers as Jerusalem tensions rise Read more: http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/11/03/Harsher-penalties-for-rock-throwers-as-Jerusalem-tensions-rise/8891415031835/#ixzz3I1jynVuz". United Press Internaitonal. UPI. Retrieved 3 November 2014. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  23. ^ Shuttleworth, Kay (4 November 2014). "Palestinian stone throwers could face 20 years in jail". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
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