Esther Popel
Esther Popel Shaw (1896-1958) was an African-American 9oet of the Harlem Renaissance.
Early life and education
Esther Popel was born on July 16, 1896, to Joseph Gibbs (a mailman) and Helen King Anderson Popel in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She had an elder sister, Helen, and a younger brother, Samuel. Shaw graduated from Central High School in Harrisburg in 1915 and went on to Dickinson College in the fall.[1] She was the first African-American woman to enroll at the college and also the first to graduate (in 1919).[2] Shaw chose to pursue what was then termed the Latin Scientific curriculum, which emphasized Latin and modern languages such as French, German, and Spanish. When she graduated she received Dickinson's top academic prize, the John Patton Memorial Prize for excellent scholarship, and she was inaugurated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa. On April 11, 1925, she married chemist William Andrew Shaw; their daughter, Esther Patricia, was born on June 1, 1926.
Career as poet
Historians recognize Shaw as an activist and a poet of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1915, while a senior in high school, she self-published her first book of poetry, Thoughtless Thinks by a Thinkless Thaughter.[3][1] Forty years later, she privately published an anthology of lyrical and political poems entitled A Forest Pool and dedicated it to the memory of her mother, who had recently passed away. Although these were her only two books, she also published poems in a number of magazines of the era and numbered among her friends and admirers such poets as Langston Hughes and Marita Bonner. Shaw published poems in The Crisis, which was the official publication of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and in Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, published by the National Urban League. She is listed among the prize-winning authors of the latter publication.[4] She wrote one her most recognized poems, "Flag Salute," in response to the highly publicized lynching of an African-American man named George Arwood on Maryland's Eastern Shore. Her poem juxtaposes this historical event with quotations from the Pledge of Allegiance.[3] In 1934, The Crisis published Shaw's poem and featured it again on the cover of the November 1940 issue.[1] Other of her most recognizable poems include "Blasphemy-American Style," "October Prayer," "Night Comes Walking," and "Little Gray Leaves."[3]
Shaw also served on the editorial board for the Negro History Bulletin, which was a publication of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History established by the historian Carter G. Woodson.[5] When Woodson died in 1950, Shaw was named among the individuals who would carry on his legacy. In addition to her contribution to the Bulletin, Shaw regularly published book reviews in the Journal of Negro History and the Journal of Negro Education. In her writings in these publications she voiced her opinions about race relations in the United States. She also wrote a half dozen plays.[3]
Teaching career and activism
In order to support herself, Shaw taught junior high school classes in French, English, algebra, and penmanship. Her teaching career spanned four decades beginning with brief early positions at Douglass Junior High School in Baltimore and Shaw Junior High School in Washington, DC. Her longest-running job was at Francis Junior High in Washington, DC, where she taught from the late 1920s until her retirement in 1952.[1]
Shaw was active throughout her life in African-American and women's rights organizations. In the early 1920s she was a member of the College Alumnae Club, an organization of college-educated African-American women activists who supported education, especially for African-American girls.[1] She served as vice-president and president during her involvement with the club. In 1923, the club became the National Association of College Women (NACW), and as a charter member Shaw was appointed chair of the committee on the constitution. She went on to serve as secretary of the NACW's executive board for 19 years, during which period she also functioned as the organization's chief spokeswoman. In 1933, Shaw represented NACW when the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom presented disarmament petitions to President Roosevelt in the White House. In 1942 she became the NACW's wartime liaison to the Washington Department of the Office of Price Administration.[1]
Other positions that Esther Shaw held included a consultant to the Educational Policies Commission and a member on the board of the Southeast Settlement House for African-Americans. As part of her work with the commission, she was appointed by the National Education Association and the Department of Superintendence to develop long-range plans to improve education in the United States.[1]
In 1952, a heart condition forced Shaw to retire from teaching. In her retirement she took up painting as a hobby. On January 28, 1952, Shaw died a stroke and was buried in the Lincoln Memorial Cemetery in Washington, DC.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Doran, Malinda. "Esther Popel Shaw". Dickinson College Archives and Special Collections. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ Roseman, Nancy A. "Nancy A. Roseman's Inauguration Address". Dickinson College. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Bracks, Lean'tin L; Smith, Jessie Carney. Black Women of the Harlem Renaissance Era. Bowman and Little Field. p. 173. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ Shockley, Ann Allen (2012). "The New Negro Movement 1924-193?". Rereading Modernism RLE: New Directions in Feminist Criticism: 123.
- ^ Scott, Daryl Michael (2011). "Seventy-Five Years of Educational Reform". Black History Bulletin. 74 (2): 32–33.