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RTI International

Coordinates: 35°54′9.95″N 78°51′58.26″W / 35.9027639°N 78.8661833°W / 35.9027639; -78.8661833
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RTI International
Founded1958 (1958)
TypeNonprofit
Location
Coordinates35°54′9.95″N 78°51′58.26″W / 35.9027639°N 78.8661833°W / 35.9027639; -78.8661833
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
E. Wayne Holden (President/Chief Executive Officer)
Revenue
US$734 million (2012)
Employees
3,700
Websitewww.rti.org

RTI International (formerly Research Triangle Institute) is a nonprofit organization, headquartered in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina, that provides research and technical services. It was founded in 1958 by local businesses and the three North Carolina universities that form the Research Triangle region, with $500,000 in funding. RTI started with departments for research in isotopes, operational sciences and statistics. It restructured into four departments in 1971 and later created the Office for International Projects, now called the International Development Group.

RTI later split into eleven departments, including Health Research, Drug Discovery & Development, Education & Training Research, Survey Research, among others. The US Agency for International Development has come to account for 35 percent of RTI's research revenue. RTI has also conducted research on HIV/AIDS, healthcare, education curriculum and environmental studies, among others.

History

Planning of the Research Triangle Park

In 1954, Romeo Guest, a building contractor,[1] met with the North Carolina state treasurer, Brandon Hodges, and President of Wachovia, Robert Hanes, to discuss building a research park in North Carolina to attract new industries to the region.[2][3] They obtained support for the concept of Research Triangle Park from state governor Luther Hodges and the three universities that form the research triangle: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University and North Carolina State University.[2] The Research Triangle Institute (now RTI International) was formed as the research park's first tenant in 1958 by the park's founders.[4] In January the following year, it was announced that $1.425 million was raised by the Research Triangle Foundation to fund the park and $500,000 of it was set aside for RTI.[5][6]

RTI started with three divisions: Isotope Development, Operational Sciences and Statistics Research.[4] Its first contract was a $4,500 statistical study of morbidity data from Tennessee.[3][7] In RTI's first year of operation, it had 25 staff and $240,000 in research contracts.[8] Its early work was focused on statistics, but within a few years RTI expanded into radioisotopes, organic chemistry and polymers. In 1960 the Institute took on its first international research contract for agricultural census in Nigeria.[3] RTI won contracts with the Department of Education,[7] Defense Department, NASA and the Atomic Energy Commission, growing to $3.4 million in contracts in 1964[9] and $85 million in 1988.[8]

In 1971, RTI's staff of 430 was reorganized into four research groups: social and economic systems, statistical sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, and chemistry and life sciences. It also created a division for education called the Center for Education Research and Evaluation.[7] Four years later, RTI created the Office for International Programs to manage international projects.[7] RTI provided financial assistance to help start the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, which was founded in 1980,[10] and two years later RTI was part of a joint venture to create MCNC, a non-profit that created an IT network connecting local K-12 schools.[11] A Health Solutions division was formed, in 2000, to serve the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries.[12]

RTI started working with the US Agency for International Development (USAID) after the conflict between Iraq and the US began in 2003.[3] USAID would become responsible for 35 percent of RTI's revenue by 2010.[13] RTI worked with the US Agency for International Development in Iraq during which time the contractor, Unity Resources Group, hired to protect RTI staff shot and killed two Iraqi women on October 9, 2007.[14] In 2004, Nextreme was spun off of RTI to develop a thermoelectric material for semiconductors commercially.[15][16] RTI acquired a healthcare marketing firm called MasiMax in March 2009.[17][18] It also created another semiconductor startup that year called SiXis.[19] In 2011 RTI created the Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology[13] and in 2012 it acquired a California-based education research firm, MPR Associates.[20]

Organization

RTI International is a not-for-profit research organization established by three local universities, but managed independently by a separate board and management team.[11] RTI's structure consists of members of the corporation, the board of governors and corporate officers. The members of the corporation elect governors, who in turn create the organization's policies. Corporate officers are senior managers that report to the board for their area of responsibility.[21]

RTI has eleven service areas:[22]

2

RTI also has a separate business called RTI Health Solutions, which supports biotech, diagnostic and medical device companies.[23] As of 2012, the organization's largest division managed the social, statistical and environmental sciences services. More than half of RTI's staff have advanced degrees in one of 120 fields and work on approximately 1,200 projects at a time.[3] RTI has partnerships with the Research Triangle Energy Consortium, the Triangle Global Health Consortium and other universities and research organizations. Many of RTI's staff hold faculty positions at the three universities that form the Research Triangle and participate in cooperative research projects.[24]

There are eight US offices and ten international locations in France, the United Kingdom, South America, Indian and Indonesia, among others, supporting operations in 75 countries.[23][25] About 60 percent of RTI's staff are headquartered on a 180-acre campus inside the Research Triangle Park.[8][23] Most of RTI International's funding comes from government research contracts.[3][26] In 2012 it authored 627 journal articles. At the time, RTI owned 400 patents.[26] RTI competes with the three universities that form the research triangle and other research institutes for contracts. It bids on $2 billion in research contracts a year and wins approximately 40 percent of the budget it bids on.[3]

Projects

Wani (left) and Wall (right) holding a piece of tree bark used to synthesize cancer intervention drugs

RTI International's research has spanned areas like cancer, pollution, drug abuse and education.[8]

Two RTI scientists, Monroe Wall and Mansukh Wani, synthesized an anti-cancer treatment, camptothecin, from a Chinese tree in 1966, and Taxol, from a Pacific yew tree in 1971.[27][28] $3 billion in the two drugs invented by RTI scientists are sold each year by pharmaceutical companies.[3] In 1986, RTI was awarded a $4 million contract with the National Cancer Institute to conduct an eight-year clinical trial on the effects of a tobacco intervention drug.[29] Two years later, RTI began a $4.4 million AIDS treatment program for the National Institutes of Health, which grew to $26 million by 1988.[30]

RTI scientists helped identify toxic chemicals in the Love Canal in the 1970s.[3] In 1978, RTI researched the possibility of improving solar cells for the US Department of Energy[31] and coal gasification for the Environmental Protection Agency the following year.[32] The Institute helped China implement emission controls before the 2007 Olympics in Beijing by training air modelers and providing computer models.[33]

An RTI survey in 1973, commissioned by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, confirmed prior research that found no connection between drug use and violent crime, despite a long-held belief that heroin users were more prone to violence.[34] In 1975, a study RTI conducted for the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism found that 28 percent of the 13,000 teenagers polled were "problem drinkers," though they were under-aged.[35] A 1996 study done by RTI and funded by the Pentagon found that drug abuse in the military had been reduced by 90 percent since 1980.[36]

In 1975, RTI provided recommendations to the Bureau of the Mint to halt production of expensive pennies and replace half-dollars with a new dollar coin.[37][38][39] In 2001, RTI scientists created a new thinfilm superlattice material that uses the thermoelectric effect to cool microprocessors.[40] In 2009 RTI and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a study in Health Affairs estimating the cost of obesity in the US to be $147 billion annually due to the increased costs of medical care.[41][42] RTI also developed a reading skill measurement program called the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) for the USAID and the World Bank. EGRA has been used in 70 languages and 50 countries.[43]

References

  1. ^ Leyden, Dennis (December 12–13, 2011), Collective Entrepreneurship: The Strategic Management of Research Triangle Park (PDF), University of North Carolina, retrieved January 9, 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Scott, John, The Growth of Research Triangle Park (PDF), Dartmouth and University of North Carolina, retrieved January 9, 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Martin, Edward (November 2012). "RTI International thinks it can continue to flourish by using minds over matters". Business North Carolina. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Blankstein, Charles (February 12, 1960). "North Carolina Taps Research Triangle". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  5. ^ "Research Institute to be set up near 3 North Carolina Schools". The New York Times. January 12, 1959. p. 116. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  6. ^ Weddle, Rick (June 2006), "Research Triangle Park: Evolution and Renaissance" (PDF), 2006 IASP World Conference, retrieved January 9, 2013 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ a b c d Banham, Rus, Impact on a Changing World (PDF), RTI International, retrieved January 7, 2013
  8. ^ a b c d "Research Triangle Institute is Quiet Leader in its Fields". Waycross Journal-Herald. Associated Press. Jul 25, 1988. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  9. ^ "Research Triangle Institute has Shown Remarkable Growth in Five-Year Period". The Dispatch. November 13, 1964. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  10. ^ "Science, math school opens with first classes". Associated Press. October 3, 1980.
  11. ^ a b Walker, Ruth (June 15, 1982). "A research center takes root among pine and possums". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  12. ^ "RTI International Buys Cary Company". Triangle Business Journal. February 20, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  13. ^ a b Hoyle, Amanda. "RTI Lures Brookhaven Researcher to Build ag Research Unit". Triangle Business Journal. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  14. ^ Stringer, Robin (October 11, 2007). "UN Urges US to Make Iraq Security Firms Accountable". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  15. ^ "RTI International Spinoff Nextreme Raises $13 Million". Triangle Business Journal. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  16. ^ Chin, Spencer (February 8, 2005). "Nextreme Raises $8 Million to Fund Thermoelectric Technology". Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  17. ^ "RTI International Buys MasiMax Resources". Washington Business Journal. March 17, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  18. ^ "RTI International Converts MasiMax into Division". Triangle Business Journal. January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  19. ^ "RTI International, Intersouth Partners Invest $3M in SiXis". Triangle Business Journal. September 29, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  20. ^ Ohnesorge, Lauren (December 12, 2012). "RTI International Acquiring MPR Associates". Triangle Business Journal. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  21. ^ Corporate Governance, The Research Triangle Institute, retrieved January 9, 2013
  22. ^ Main Page, Research Triangle Institute, retrieved January 7, 2013
  23. ^ a b c RTI International Overview (PDF), RTI International, retrieved February 22, 2013
  24. ^ University Collaborations, RTI International, retrieved February 22, 2013
  25. ^ Institute Facts, RTI International, retrieved February 22, 2013
  26. ^ a b 2012 Annual Report (PDF), RTI International, retrieved February 22, 2013
  27. ^ O'Connor, Anahad (11 July 2002). "Monroe Wall, 85, Discoverer Of Drugs That Fight Cancer". The New York Times. p. 14.
  28. ^ Ward, Leah (August 16, 1998). "Quiet Heroes of War on Cancer". The Charlotte Observer. pp. 1D.
  29. ^ "Greensboro, Raleigh to take part in anti-smoking study". Associated Press. September 26, 1986. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  30. ^ "Research Triangle Institute Coordinates US Tests of Drug Treatments". Charlotte Observer. August 15, 1988. pp. 6C. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  31. ^ "Better Solar Energy Cells in Making". Associated Press. May 1, 1978. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  32. ^ "Research Triangle Scientists Work to make coal a Safer Fuel Source". Associated Press. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  33. ^ "Bad weather day in Beijing as thick haze, pollution blanket city". Associated Press. June 27, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  34. ^ "Study Finds Drug Users Not Adding to Violence". Associated Press. June 28, 1973. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  35. ^ "Teen Drinking Habits Studied". Associated Press. November 21, 1975. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  36. ^ "Study: Military Drug Use Down". Associated Press. August 11, 1996. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  37. ^ "The Moneychangers: U.S. Conducting Study". The New York Times News Service. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  38. ^ "Future Coins May be Different". UPI. November 3, 1975. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  39. ^ "U.S. Urged to Drop Pennies". Associated Press. September 17, 1976. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  40. ^ Bell, Philip (October 11, 2001). "Cool new film". Nature. doi:10.1038/news011011-12. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  41. ^ "Medical costs for obesity top $147 billion". UPI. July 27, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  42. ^ Rabin, Roni (July 27, 2009). "Obese Americans Spend Far More on Health Care". The New York Times. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  43. ^ Commeyras, Michelle (June 27, 2012). "A Primer on Early Reading Education in Sub-Saharan Africa". Reading Today Online. International Reading Association. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
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