Dross
Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal(s).
With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling removed some dross.[1] With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.
Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.[2]
Etymology and usage
The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals. By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.[3] Dregs,[3] and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related.[4] The most popular usage of the word is now as an adjective for poorly written or even plagiarized media reports.
See also
Notes
References
- ^ Landes, David S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 91. ISBN 0-521-09418-6.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (2006), Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th ed.), SME, p. 1406, ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Dross". www.etymologyonline.com.
- ^ Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. W & R Chambers. 1875. p. 142.
External links
- AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling
- Herbert F. Lund. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook. Chapter 37.23: United Kingdom: European Union Directive Precipitates Aluminum "Dross" Recycling.
- Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement
- DrosRite Aluminum Recycling Process