User talk:Hankwbass/Group 4

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Mutation review

“By effect on structure” and “By effect on protein sequence” are similar

• “By effect on protein sequence” mentions frameshift, nonsense, missense, neutral, and silent mutations, which were previously covered (for the most part) in “By effect on structure.”

"Distribution of fitness effects” is distracting

• This section is definitely valuable and pertinent to the topic; however, I feel that it is covered in excess. Also, there seems to be a lot of citations concentrated in this section - more so than other sections.

"Replication timing quantitative trait loci affects DNA replication”

• The sentence does not mention how DNA replication is affected. A preference is shown toward transversional point mutations. Also, there appear to be sexual differences in structural mutation abundance caused by recombination at early replicating genome segments.

Example of a harmful mutation given in “Beneficial mutations”

• The final paragraph of the “Beneficial mutations” section lists sickle-cell disease as an example of a harmful mutation. I believe sickle-cell disease should be discussed in “Harmful mutations,” while the sickle-cell trait should be covered in “Beneficial mutations.”

Hi JJCim, I could not agree with you more. In my edit I suggested that a section should be added to discuss harmful mutations and mutants. I believe this would add to the overall neutrality of the paper and allow for a more well-rounded work for a reader to experience.--Zach bramlett (talk) 18:59, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

I also agree with this. Maybe clarify and explain that the heterozygous genotype is a "Beneficial mutations", but the homozygous genotype should be still listed under "Harmful Mutations". The heterozygous genotype provides the antimalarial affects without many complications due to formal Sickle Cell Disease. Hrc13d (talk) 22:17, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Mutation repair?

• I believe there needs to be more information related to how mutations are located and fixed within organisms. I.e., Photoreactivation repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, etc.

JJCim (talk) 21:48, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

Hi JJCim, I agree that there needs to be a much deeper coverage on how mutagens are located and fixed within organisms, I think that in terms of this article article that focusses mainly on mutants, that the best way to incorporate this edit would be to incorporate a summation sentence mentioning how specific mutations can be traced to particular locations and fixed. The use of a hyperlink and a citation would be best in my opinion, because if the reader was interested in such a topic it would stray away from the article at hand.--Zach bramlett (talk) 18:55, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

In the Etymology section, there are several unnecessary links to words that do not need to be explained and have nothing to do with mutations. For example, the links to the words "pejorative" and "spurt" should not have links attached to them. Additionally, I would remove the sentences from "conjoined twins" on because after making the distinction between mutations and developmental abnormalities there is no further need to explain developmental abnormalities, and these sentences do not serve the purpose of explaining the etymology of the word mutant. The section itself should be short as the meaning of the word is not really that important to the overall content of the mutant page. Tst13d (talk) 00:43, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Mutant notes and comments for improvement

I feel that the term “genetic mutants” should be classified as being part of a broader mutation classification. Namely, germline mutants or somatic mutants.

Also, the Mutant page seemed to be very one-sided because it only mentioned the benefits of being a mutant species. While evolution is based on higher degrees of fitness through genetic diversity and mutation, not all mutations are beneficial. As a matter of fact, the Mutation Wikipedia page cites 70% of mutations as being harmful.

Moreover, even though the page made it seem like all mutant species were more fit, the blue lobster picture does not provide any information about the organism’s fitness. I agree with Brittaney96

JJCim (talk) 22:50, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

The mutant page is indeed very one-sided and only has a section regarding the benefits of genetic mutation, when in reality the majority of mutations do not affect the overall organism, and if they do they are usually harmful. The lack of information on negative mutations is the page's biggest flaw, as most mutants have lower fitness--Nal15b (talk) 21:19, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Insert Photo for Eukaryotic Protein-Coding Gene

I suggested that a photo of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene undergoing transcription, splicing, and translation should be added to the mutation page. I feel it's important to insert this, so readers can see when mutations could potentially happen in the ORF. We drew something like this is class as well. I'm having trouble finding a super reliable source. I've found two pages that reference to this image on google scholar; however, none of them are primary literature.

File:OjYRouN.jpg

Solt.kristen (talk) 12:56, 20 March 2017 (UTC)Kristen Solt KBS14C

File:/Users/kristensolt/Downloads/OjYRouN.jpg

Insert Photo of Types of Mutation

I suggested that a set of photos be added right beneath the "By Impact on Protein Sequence" section. These images will help better explain these different types of mutations. Each images are very easy to understand and will help explain the written text. I have found these images on a website for a Biology Course from Eberly College of Science from PennState.

Brandon0325 (talk) 10:19, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

Mutant Blue Lobster on Mutant Page

The picture of the blue lobster presented in the right hand corner of the mutant page, is lacking a good description. While to many it may be obvious that the reason it is being called a mutant is because of its deviation of a "normal" red color, I think it should still be made clear for those that don't know that.

Brittaney McdonaldBrittaney96 (talk) 12:17, 24 March 2017 (UTC)

Sources of Mutation

I think it is important to add a new section detailing the various sources causing mutations. The section would detail spontaneous mutation (via depurination and deamination), induced mutations with a list of mutagens (fungal toxins, cosmic rays, UV light, industrial pollutants, x-rays, chemicals, radiation, etc..) Tst13d (talk) 21:25, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

I agree with this suggestion. Adding this section as well as images of UV light and differences between the spontaneous mutations would further this wiki page but I could not find reliable sources for these images. I suggested that sources of UV light be included. Sjgenetics (talk) 15:36, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

I agree with both Sigenetics as well as Tst13d that and additional section mentioning the various sources causing mutations would be a great addition to this article. I would suggest implementing the new section directly after Etymology. The section would build upon the last sentence mentioned in that section which described mutagens. Titling the next section Mutagen types and then digressing into a description of fungal toxins, Cosmic Rays, UV light, pollutants and X-rays would give the reader a better understanding of how mutants come to be.--Zach bramlett (talk) 19:13, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

I agree that more details should be provided on the various sources causing mutagens. Hh14b (talk) 21:46, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Harmful Mutations

Underneath the section that details benefits of mutant species, just to contrast the drastic effects mutations can have I would add a new section titled harmful mutations. It would begin describing how mutations cause formation of incomplete or non-functioning proteins which can have damaging phenotypic effects on organisms. For instance, I would include the following "The disease sickle cell anemia in humans is caused by a single amino acid substitution of valine for glutamic acid, but the structure of the polypeptide hemoglobin changes to a deformed sickle-shape which damages its ability to deliver oxygen to bodily tissues. Tst13d (talk) 22:02, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

different types of mutants

I would add a section that included different types of mutants and how they either benefit or suffer from their mutation. The only good example given on the page is at the end of the "Benefits of Mutant Species" section when they talk about the peppered moth and how it mutated to a different color to survive during the industrial revolution. I agree with JJCim and Tst13d that this section should also include mutants that suffer from their mutation because more often than not mutation are harmful to the organism.Rlarsen14 (talk) 14:04, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Mutations edit

I believe the page needs more examples for these mutations and needs to include the ways in which these mutations can be shown. This will in turn help the reader to understand the concepts better as well as see these terms in a larger scale. For example adding where gain and loss of function mutations can be found in organisms can allow the audience to see the bigger picture. I gave an example of cystic fibrosis and where the mutation occurs. Another suggestion I gave was adding a way in which silent mutations can be found by using different codons that code for the Leucine. Sjgenetics (talk) 15:03, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Mutant Edit

Although I think that knowing the benefits of mutant species is important, I also think it’s important to know and understand the different types of mutations that can occur. Knowing the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation is important because the frameshift mutation could lead to severe problems due to shifting the entire reading frame. I also think it’s essential to add the role of DNA polymerase III which is to proofread and remove nucleotides that are inserted incorrectly. Mk13m (talk) 15:36, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Summary Edit

I believe there to be a run on sentence in the beginning of the summary that could be cleaned up and changed for better clarification. "Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or other types of damage to DNA, which then may undergo error-prone repair (especially microhomology-mediated end joining[1][1]), or cause an error during other forms of repair,[2][2][3][3] or else may cause an error during replication (translesion synthesis)." I would change this sentence, keeping the majority of the content but making it flow better. "Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or damage caused by environmental effects. The errors in the DNA sequence then may undergo error-prone repair (especially microhomology-mediated end joining[1][1]), cause an error during other forms of repair,[2][2][3][3] or may cause an error during replication (translesion synthesis). Brandond0325 (talk) 16:15, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Insertion/Deletion Edit

Under the "Classifications of types" of Mutations it is not mentioned that, while these types of mutation can be very severe, if nucleotide bases are either inserted or deleted in sets of three, there could be less harmful.

Brandond0325 (talk) 16:21, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Induced Mutation

While the page includes UV radiation, a type of non-ionizing radiation, under it's induced mutation sources it should also include ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, can cause mutations as well. -jdw13b, Jacob Warren

Mutation proposed Edit

1. Review section The review section mentions the the natural occurrence of mutations. I think that it should also be mentioned that mutations can occur through unnatural processes as well as mentioning that mutants can come to be through polygenic or monogenic mutations.

2. There should be an additional section implemented after the Etymology section that builds upon the last sentence which talks about Mutagens. The section could be titled : Mutagen types. It should include things like. fungal toxins (with a brief description) Cosmic Rays (with a brief description) UV light (with a brief description) Pollutants (With a brief description) X-rays (with a brief decription)

3. There should be an additional section added after benefits of Mutants that describe the Negative or harmful effects of mutant species. It should include things like lethality of mutations that in addition to competition that mutations cause among species as well as eradication of species due to increased competition The addition of this section would add to the neutrality of the work so instead of the reader just being exposed to mutant benefits they are able to see the negative aspects as well.

4. Citation 2 mentioned in the review should be removed or changed to represent another section that uses examples to better explain the concept of mutants. The particular citation involves clock mutants of drosophilia melongaster. This would better serve the article if included in a section titled examples of mutations. this source would work better --Zach bramlett (talk) 21:40, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Your four suggested edits are spot on in my opinion. The page should elaborate on the ways mutants can come into existence, the mutagens that can cause the genetic changes, and the negative aspects of mutations (considering mutations are rarely positive). In addition, a section containing examples of both human and animal mutants such as turner syndrome and munchkin cats would provide the reader with a clearer sense of what constitutes a mutant organism--Nal15b (talk) 22:02, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Examples of Human Mutants

I feel that the mutant page itself is very short and when most people think of mutant in humans they think of super heroes so to clarify what real world occurrences of mutant humans. This would include;

klinefelter syndrome - an extra X chromosome in human males
turner syndrome- a female with only one X chromosome
hypertrichosis- the result of hair growth all over the body
methemoglobinemia- a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body leading to blue skin
extra digits in limbs 

each of these accompanied by photo examples --Mamesimer (talk) 21:28, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

I agree that human examples would help better explain the concept of mutants. Here are some links to pictures of a few of the phenotypic mutations listed above http://healthool.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/hypertrichosis-pictures-2.jpg http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Turner-Syndrome-Photos.html--Nal15b (talk) 21:55, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Spread of mutations

I believe that there should be more details on how mutations spread and eventually become prevalent. Bacterial recombination could be discussed, in which a mutation could occur before conjugation,transduction, or transformation, which causes it to spread. Hh14b (talk) 21:49, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Nonsense Mutation

Add examples of mutations it could cause. Another wiki page listed that " Nonstop mutations have been linked with several congenital diseases including congenital adrenal hyperplasia,[18] variable anterior segment dysgenesis,[19] and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.[20]"Hh14b (talk) 21:57, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Images

Tautomerism- include images to make it clearer

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Tautomers.svg/512px-Tautomers.svg.png

This is a good image that could be included. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hh14b (talk • contribs) 22:04, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Adding types of Mutants

Adding different types of Mutants are important as well. I suggested adding a paragraph that gave a description of conditional lethal mutant we learned in class.Sjgenetics (talk) 22:22, 30 March 2017 (UTC)