Jump to content

User:Rooney2pdx/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Rooney2pdx (talk | contribs) at 19:35, 25 February 2018 (Final Post Two). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Article Evaluation Two

 The article on London is really quite complete and well structured.  However the section on music lacks any mention of historical music importance.  I plan to add this.

Article Edit Two

Music

The Royal Albert Hall hosts concerts and musical events London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as Warner Music Group, as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms).[343] London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum.[343] The UK's largest pipe organ is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.


Abbey Road Studios, 3 Abbey Road, St John's Wood, City of Westminster London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the O2 arena[352] and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire.[343] Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London.[353] The city is home to the original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios, where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, Cliff Richard, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Ultravox, Spandau Ballet, Culture Club, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart, Adam Ant, Status Quo and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms of London.[354]

London was instrumental in the development of punk music,[355] with figures such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash,[354] and Vivienne Westwood all based in the city. More recent artists to emerge from the London music scene include George Michael's Wham!, Kate Bush, Seal, the Pet Shop Boys, Bananarama, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bush, the Spice Girls, Jamiroquai, Blur, McFly, The Prodigy, Gorillaz, Bloc Party, Mumford & Sons, Coldplay, Amy Winehouse, Adele, Sam Smith, Ed Sheeran, Paloma Faith, Ellie Goulding, One Direction and Florence and the Machine.[356][357][358] London is also a centre for urban music. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. Music station BBC Radio 1Xtra was set up to support the rise of local urban contemporary music both in London and in the rest of the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

-add from here on-

London was also a critical player in musical development over time and through history. Britain was home to some of the great late-renaissance composers in William Byrd and Thomas Tallis.[1] Though some of the earlier developments in music occurred in Italy and the Flemish regions, London became more important particularly after the 1588 publication of Musica Transalpina by Nicholas Yonge, a clerk, and musician in London.[2]. This Publication was the first printed music in the English Language[3][4]. Within less than a hundred years, by 1672 and more so after 1720, public concert halls began to develop in London, assuming a rich concert and musical life.[5] By the end of the of the eighteenth century, London had become a destination city for musicians. Johann Christian Bach spending multiple extended stays there composing and performing in the late 18th century, coming to be known by some as the "London Bach."[6] Franz Joseph Haydn was invited in 1790 to compose an initial and later a second set of six symphonies which he would conduct for the highly-sophisticated audiences of London. The British thought Haydn the "greatest composer in the world,"[7] so Haydn wished to deliver on their expectations, which he did by using every technique he had learned in his career in the so-called London Symphonies.[8] Londoners were afforded greater access to the masters of Europe than were some in other European countries. The early development of music culture in London and its relative reliance on foreign styles and musicians had the impact of causing some to grow to dislike the domestic British style. London author and musician William Jackson expresses his concern that the perfection in music, which he says is the blend of melody and harmony, was eroding away in Britain at his time in 1791.[9]

In the 19th century, a variety of factors, including the entry of other countries into the Industrial Revolution and ensuing artistic revolution, caused British composers to become somewhat less known until the twentieth century. In 1887, London was devoid of regular orchestral concert series, leaving some residents thinking London was headed backward musically.[10] A rise in nationalism and eventually the advent and end of World War I brought about many new composers, who frequently sought to invoke an "english style," using English folk melodies in their compositions frequently. This contrasted with the rather heavy Germanic style and fluid french style which were popular in Europe in the late 19th century[11]. Composers such as Gustav Holst,Ralph Vaughan Williams, Edward Elgar, and Benjamin Britten wrote music in a uniquely British style which received great acclaim and returned England and London's concert scene into what is now a thriving music metropolis for all styles of music.

References

  1. ^ The Chapel Royal: Hampton Court Palace, http://www.chapelroyal.org/tallisbyrd.html
  2. ^ Hanning, Barbara Russano, J. Peter Burkholder, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. Concise History of Western Music. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.pg. 112
  3. ^ "The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 21 Feb 2018.
  4. ^ eISBN: 9780191727184
  5. ^ .Hanning, Barbara Russano, J. Peter Burkholder, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. Concise History of Western Music. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.pg. 328
  6. ^ "The London Bach Gets HIs London Revival". The Guardian. The Guardian. Retrieved 2/21/2018. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. ^ Grout, Donald Jay, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1973.
  8. ^ Grout, Donald Jay, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1973.
  9. ^ Jackson, William. Observations on the present state of music, in London. By William Jackson, of Exeter. London, 1791. Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Gale. 22 Feb. 2018 <http://find.galegroup.com.proxy.lib.pdx.edu/ecco/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=ECCO&userGroupName=s1185784&tabID=T001&docId=CB129889926&type=multipage&contentSet=ECCOArticles&version=1.0&docLevel=FASCIMILE>.
  10. ^ Music in London, Source: The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular, Vol. 28, No. 529 (Mar. 1, 1887), pp.176-177,Published by: Musical Times Publications Ltd.,Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3360702,Accessed: 22 Feb 2018 09:30 UTC
  11. ^ Hewitt, Ivan. "First world War: How British Music responded". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 Feb 2018.