Ulnar dimelia
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Ulnar dimelia, also referred to simply as Mirror hand syndrome, is a very rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of radial ray, duplication of the ulna, duplication of carpals, metacarpals, phalanges and symmetric polydactyly. In some cases surgical amputation is performed to remove the duplicate carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. Approximately 70 cases as of 2015 has been recorded in medical literature.
Bone deformity may also accompany nervous and arterial anomalies in some cases due to duplication of ulnar nerve, presence of abnormal arterial arches, duplicate ulnar artery, shortening of radial nerve and absence of radial artery. The diagnosis of Ulnar dimelia is based on laboratory tests of frontal and sagittal planes in individuals suspected of the condition. There are two types of ulnar dimelia noted in medical journals: Type 1 Ulnar dimelia entails 1 lunate and 1 trapezoid bone as well as 1 index finger, while Type 2 Ulnar dimelia has 2 lunate and 2 trapezoid bones as well as 2 index fingers.
American Society for Surgery of the Hand and the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand classified Ulnar dimelia to the 3rd group of congenital hand deformities in accordance to the characteristics proposed in Swanson classification (1976).