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Lord Berners

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For other people called Tyrwhitt, see Tyrwhitt.
File:Lord Berners in 1935.jpg
Lord Berners in 1935

Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, 14th Baron Berners[1] (18 September 1883 – 19 April 1950), also known as Gerald Tyrwhitt, was a British composer, novelist, painter and aesthete. He is usually referred to as Lord Berners.

Biography

Early life and education

Berners was born in Apley Hall, Shropshire, in 1883, son of The Honorable Hugh Tyrwhitt (1856-1907) and his wife Julia (1861-1931), daughter of William Orme Foster, Apley's owner.[2] His father, a Royal Navy officer,[3] was rarely home. He was brought up by a grandmother who was extremely religious[4] and self-righteous, and a mother who had little intellect and many prejudices. His mother, a wealthy ironmaster’s daughter with a strong interest in fox hunting,[5] ignored his musical interests and instead focused on developing his masculinity, a trait Berners found to be inherently unnatural. Berners later wrote, "My father was worldly, cynical, intolerant of any kind of inferiority, reserved and self-possessed. My mother was unworldly, naïve, impulsive and undecided, and in my father's presence she was always at her worst".[6]

The eccentricities Berners displayed started early in life. Once, upon hearing that you could teach a dog to swim by throwing him into water, the young Gerald promptly decided that by throwing his mother's dog out the window, he could teach it to fly. The dog was unharmed, though the act earned Berners a beating.

After devising several booby traps, Berners was sent off to the boarding school Cheam School at the age of nine. It was here that he would first explore his homosexuality; for a short time, he was romantically involved with an older pupil. The relationship was abruptly ended after Berners vomited on the other boy.

After he left prep school, Gerald continued his education at Eton College. Later, in his autobiographies, Berners would reflect on his experiences at Eton, claiming that he had learned nothing while there, and that the school was more concerned with shaping the young men's characters than supplying them with an education.

Adult life

In 1918, Berners became the 14th Baron Berners after inheriting the title, property, and money, from an uncle.[7][8] His inheritance included Faringdon House, which he initially gave to his mother and her second husband; on their deaths in 1931 he moved into the house himself.[9] In 1932, Berners fell in love with Robert Heber-Percy, 28 years his junior, who became his companion and moved into Faringdon House.[10] Unexpectedly, Heber-Percy married a 21-year-old woman, Jennifer Fry, who had a baby nine months later. For a short time, she and the baby lived at Faringdon House with Heber-Percy and Berners.[11]

As well as being a talented musician, Berners was a skilled artist and writer. He appears in many books and biographies of the period, notably portrayed as Lord Merlin in Nancy Mitford's The Pursuit of Love.[12] In January 2016, he was played by actor Christopher Godwin in episode 3 of the BBC Radio 4 drama What England Owes.[13] He was a friend of the Mitford family and close to Diana Guinness.

Berners was notorious for his eccentricity,[14] dyeing pigeons at his house in Faringdon in vibrant colours and at one point entertaining Penelope Betjeman's horse Moti to tea.[7] There were paper flowers in the garden and the interior of the house was adorned with joke books and joke notices, such as "Mangling Done Here". As visitor Patrick Leigh Fermor recalled:

"No dogs admitted" at the top of the stairs and "Prepare to meet thy God" painted inside a wardrobe. When people complimented him on his delicious peaches he would say "Yes, they are ham-fed". And he used to put Woolworth pearl necklaces round his dogs' necks [Berners had a dalmatian, Heber Percy the retriever, Pansy Lamb] and when a guest, rather perturbed, ran up saying "Fido has lost his necklace", G said, "Oh dear, I'll have to get another out of the safe."[14]

Other visitors to Faringdon included Igor Stravinsky, Salvador Dalí, H. G. Wells, and Tom Driberg.[15]

His Rolls-Royce automobile contained a small clavichord keyboard which could be stored beneath the front seat. Near his house he had a 100-foot viewing tower, Faringdon Folly, constructed as a birthday present in 1935 for Heber-Percy,[15] a notice at the entrance reading: "Members of the Public committing suicide from this tower do so at their own risk".[16] Berners also drove around his estate wearing a pig's-head mask to frighten the locals.[4][12]

He was also subject throughout his life to periods of depression which became more pronounced during the Second World War, and following the production of his last ballet production Les Sirènes he lost his eyesight.[17]

Death and epitaph

He died in 1950 aged 66 at Faringdon House, bequeathing his estate to his companion Robert ('Mad Boy') Heber-Percy, 28 years younger than himself,[7] who lived at Faringdon until his own death in 1987.[18] His ashes are buried in the lawn near the house.[19]

Berners wrote his own epitaph, which appears on his gravestone:

"Here lies Lord Berners
One of the learners
His great love of learning
May earn him a burning
But, Praise the Lord!
He seldom was bored."

Music

Main article: List of compositions by Lord Berners

Berners' musical works included Trois morceaux, Fantaisie espagnole (1919), Fugue in C minor (1924), and several ballets, including The Triumph of Neptune (1926) (based on a story by Sacheverell Sitwell) and Luna Park (1930). In his period at the British embassy in Rome during World War I he composed avant-garde piano music and several song cycles and later ballets and film scores, notably the 1947 feature Nicholas Nickleby.

His friends included the composers Constant Lambert and William Walton and he worked with Frederick Ashton. Walton dedicated Belshazzar's Feast to Berners, and Lambert arranged a Caprice péruvien for orchestra, from Lord Berners' opera Le carrosse du St Sacrement.

Berners himself once said that he would have been a better composer if he had accepted fewer lunch invitations. But English composer Gavin Bryars, quoted in Peter Dickinson’s biography of Berners, disagrees saying: "If he had spent more time on his music he could have become a duller composer".[4] Dinah Birch, reviewing The Mad Boy, Lord Berners, My Grandmother and Me, a biography of Berners written by Robert's granddaughter, Sofka Zinovieff, concurs saying: "Had he committed himself to composition as his life's work, perhaps his legacy would have been more substantial. But his music might have been less innovative, for its amateur quality — 'amateur in the best sense', as Stravinsky insisted — is inseparable from its distinctive flair".[12]

Berners was the subject of BBC Radio 3's long-running Composer of the Week programme in December 2014.[20]

Literature

Berners wrote four autobiographical works and some novels, mostly of a humorous nature. All were published and some went into translations. His autobiographies First Childhood (1934), A Distant Prospect (1945), The Château de Résenlieu (published posthumously)[21] and Dresden are both witty and affectionate.[according to whom?]

Berners obtained some notoriety for his roman à clef The Girls of Radcliff Hall (punning on the name of the famous lesbian writer), initially published privately under the pseudonym "Adela Quebec",[22] in which he depicts himself and his circle of friends, such as Cecil Beaton and Oliver Messel, as members of a girls' school. This frivolous satire, which was privately published and distributed, had a modish success in the 1930s. The original edition is rare; rumour has it that Beaton was responsible for gathering most of the already scarce copies of the book and destroying them.[23] However, the book was reprinted in 2000 with the help of Dorothy Lygon.[24]

His other novels, including Romance of a Nose, Count Omega and The Camel are a mixture of whimsy and gentle satire.

Bibliography

Fiction

  • 1936 – The Camel
  • 1937 – The Girls of Radcliff Hall
  • 1941 – Far From the Madding War
  • 1941 – Count Omega
  • 1941 – Percy Wallingford and Mr. Pidger
  • 1941 – The Romance of a Nose

[See Collected Tales and Fantasies, New York, 1999]

Non-fiction

  • 1934 – First Childhood
  • 1945 – A Distant Prospect
  • 2000 - The Chateau de Resenlieu
  • 2008 - Dresden

See also

Sources

  • Amory, Mark (3 June 1999). Lord Berners: The Last Eccentric (New ed.). Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712665780. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Berners, Lord Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson (1942). First Childhood. Constable & Co Ltd. ASIN B002S9ZE5C. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Dickinson, Peter (18 September 2008). Lord Berners: Composer, Writer, Painter (Annotated ed.). Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1843833925. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Jones, Bryony (2 January 2003). The Music of Lord Berners (1883-1950): The Versatile Peer (Illustrated ed.). Ashgate Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0754608523. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lyon Clark, Beverly (11 January 2001). Regendering the school story: Sassy sissies and tattling tomboys. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415928915. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Tamagne, Florence (1 November 2005). History of Homosexuality in Europe Between the Wars, Vol. I & II Combined. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0875863566. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Zinovieff, Sofka (16 October 2014). The Mad Boy, Lord Berners, My Grandmother And Me. Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0224096591. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

References

  1. ^ Gerald Tyrwhitt-Wilson at the National Portrait Gallery
  2. ^ The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 59. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 540. ISBN 0-19-861409-8.Article by Mark Amory, who wrongly titles Foster as 'Sir' though he was neither knighted nor a baronet.
  3. ^ Jones (2003), p. 1.
  4. ^ a b c Thompson, Damian (20 September 2008). "Review: Lord Berners by Peter Dickinson". Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  5. ^ Furbank, P.N. (21 May 1998). "Lord Fitzcricket". London Review of Books. 20 (10). London: 32. Retrieved 28 January 2016. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Berners (1942), Chapter 'My Parents'.
  7. ^ a b c Cecil, Mirabel (18 October 2014). "My mad gay grandfather and me". The Spectator. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  8. ^ Jones (2003), p. 2.
  9. ^ Seymour, Miranda (24 April 2015). "'The Mad Boy, Lord Berners, My Grandmother and Me,' by Sofka Zinovieff". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  10. ^ Cecil, Mirabel (18 October 2014). "My mad gay grandfather and me". The Spectator. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  11. ^ Cooke, Rachel (19 October 2014). "The Mad Boy, Lord Berners, My Grandmother and Me review – a family saga with all the trimmings". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  12. ^ a b c Birch, Dinah (11 October 2014). "Composer, novelist, poet, painter and hedonistic host – the real Lord Merlin and his glamorous, desperate world". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  13. ^ "Radio 4 Afternoon Drama: What England Owes". BBC Online. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  14. ^ a b Amory (1999).
  15. ^ a b Cooke, Rachel (19 October 2014). "The Mad Boy, Lord Berners, My Grandmother and Me review – a family saga with all the trimmings". The Observer. London. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  16. ^ Wilkes, Roger. "Cultured country house". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  17. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 59. p. 542.
  18. ^ Zinovieff (2014).
  19. ^ [1]
  20. ^ "Radio 3 Composer of the Week". BBC Online. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  21. ^ Jones (2003), p. 3.
  22. ^ Amory 1999; Jones 2003, pp. 9, 101, 143; Lyon Clark 2001, p. 143.
  23. ^ Tamagne (2005), p. 124.
  24. ^ "Lady Dorothy Heber Percy". 17 November 2001. Retrieved 24 September 2017 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
Peerage of England
Preceded by Baron Berners
1918–1950 		Succeeded by
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