Multi-level converter
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A multi-level converter (MLC) is a method of generating high-voltage wave-forms from lower-voltage components. MLC origins go back over a hundred years, when in the 1880s, the advantages of DC long-distance transmission became evident.[1]
Modular multi-level converters (MMC) were investigated by Tricoli et al in 2017. Although their viability for electric vehicles (EV) was established, suitable low-cost semiconductors to make this topology competitive are not currently available (as of 2019).[2]
In 1999, Tolbert described the use of MLC for battery operated electric motors.[3]
Habib's 2018 review paper[4] reviews multi-level inverters (a synonym for MLC) stating the advantages of bi-directional energy flows to power the motor or charge the battery system.
High voltage DC converters
HVDC converters typicaly use series connected switched capacitors blocks. The blocks are switched in or out of the circuit to form the desired waveform, typically three phase AC.
M2LeC
M2LeC (pronounced Emlek), is a form of multi-level converter that combines the functions of generating electric motor wave-forms, with battery charging and management in a single set of power electronics hardware, where the various functions are performed through software alone.
References
- ^ Arrillaga, Jos (1998). High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (Second ed.). Chapter 1: Institution of Electrical Engineers. p. 1 to 9. ISBN 0852969414.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Tricoli, Pietro (Mar 2017). "Efficiency assessment of modular multilevel converters for battery electric vehicles". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2016.2557579.
- ^ Tolbert, Leon M. (Jan–Feb 1999). "Multilevel Converters for Large Electric Drives". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS,. 35 (1): 36 - 44.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Habib, Salman (Jan 2018). "Assessment of electric vehicles concerning impacts, charging infrastructure with unidirectional and bidirectional chargers, and power flow comparisons". Int J Energy Res: 3416 - 3441. doi:10.1002/er.4033.
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