Erysiphe syringae
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Importance
The host of the fungal pathogen, Syringa vulgaris or the common lilac, is an ancient plant with significance in horticultural activities and wild roots in eastern Europe.[1] Its Latin epithet, vulgaris, translates into ‘common’ in English, and was popularized by the pioneer taxonomist Carl von Linné. [2]
One of the first dutiful observations of the pathogen, M. syringae, was made in a journal of the German Botanical Society, Berichte der Deutschen Botanische Gesellschaft[3], where it was observed as a powdery mildew pathogen unique to lilacs referencing the physical characteristics of its ascocarp appendages. [4]
The pathogen contributes to a deathly and diseased look. Common lilac is known for its spring flowers, which can be altered due to decay of flowering stems after intense infection.
Symptoms
The Powdery Mildew of Lilac, Microsphaera syringae, leaves an opaque-white discoloration on the leaves of the S. vulgaris. This process is predominant at the end of the season but can begin to take place during new growth.[5] Eventually the fungal pathogen contributes to the damaging and early senescing of the infected leaves. The opaque-white discoloration is mycelial growth along the surface of the leaf. When the pathogen is sufficiently advanced, the presence of small dark dots indicates the production of cleistothecium (chasmothecium), an important structure in the protection of potential inoculum.[6]
Treatment
There are methods to treat powdery mildew using home-made preparations including fresh milk, which contains the active anti-pathogenic compound lecithin. [7] Lecithin is recognized by the European Union as a treatment for powdery mildews diseases and is commonly available in the soy-derived formulation ‘soy lecithin’. [8] Other experimental treatments include using baking soda (disrupts pH), neem oil (fungicidal properties), or sulfur containing solutions.[9] Historically, flowers of sulfur has been prepared into a dust and applied to the leaves. [5]
Synthetic compounds such as thiophanate methyl, propiconazole, and chlorothalonil are used to treat variety of powdery mildew diseases, as well as other fungal pathogens.
Cultural controls such as selective pruning can prevent suitable environmental conditions of the pathogen by increasing air circulation. Collection and destruction of plant debris can disrupt the pathogen’s life cycle.
References
- ^ Alexander III, John H. (1990). "Lilacs of the Arnorld Arboretum". The Arnorld Arboretum of Harvard University.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Linné, Carl von (2007-03-08). Species Plantarum, Sections I-III (in Latin).
- ^ Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft.; Gesellschaft, Deutsche Botanische (1898). Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Vol. v. 16 (1898). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntræger.
- ^ Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft.; Gesellschaft, Deutsche Botanische (1898). Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Vol. v. 16 (1898). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntræger.
- ^ a b Weiss, Freeman.; Weiss, Freeman. Powdery mildew of ornamental plants /. Vol. no.197. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Agrios, George N., 1936- (2005). Plant pathology (5th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 470–480. ISBN 0-12-044565-4. OCLC 55488155.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ NDR. "Mehltau vorbeugen und natürlich bekämpfen". www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 2019-12-11.
- ^ database/public/?event=activesubstance.ViewReview&id=917 "European Commission Directorate-General For Health and Food Safety".
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Newman, S. (1999). "Fact Sheet No. 2902, Gardening Series: Diseases" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Powdery Mildew of Lilac, Microsphaera syringae
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