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Coastal Reserve (Ukraine)

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Coastal Reserve is a former conservation area in Ukraine, which was under protection from 1930 to 1933.

Creation history

The idea of creating a "bird sanctuary" on the shores of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea was proposed by H. A. Bryzhalin in 1919. Following by the idea of American bird sanctuaries, Bryzhalin proposed to introduce similar reserve areas in Ukraine.

On July 14, 1927, Resolution Soviet Narodnykh kommisarov or SNK USSR No. 172, was adopted to "protect the natural environment of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea" which includes the "defense of birds' fauna from predators during flight and nesting". Reserve area included: Churyuk Island in the Syvash, Dzharylhach Island in the Black Sea, Solonoozerna dacha, the Kinburnsʹka, Kryva, Bilosaraysʹka, and Obitochna Spits. The total area of reserves covered 32,000 hectares of coastal ecosystems along the coastline of the Black Sea and The Sea of Azov. For this reason, although it is technically incorrect, the term "Azov Reserve" can be used instead of "Coastal Reserve".

Notable leaders of the 1920's environmental movement who actively took part in coastal reserve creation include I.Kurylo-Krimchak, director of the Melitopol museum of local lore[1] Ye.Lavrenko, Kharkiv Regional Inspector of Natural monument Protection A. Brauner[2] and others.

By 1927, creation of coastal reserve areas was considered the primary defense in the protection of natural monuments.[3] A great number of articles about reserve areas were published and numerous research expeditions were organized.

In the 1920-30's, some parts of reserve areas were classified as independent reserves. These included the Obitochna Spit reserve,[4] Dzharylhach reserve, and Churyuk island[5] reserve. The Ukrainian Committee for Natural Monuments Protection (UCNMP) aimed for creation of reserve administrations and special departments for protection. However, their attempts were unsuccessful. In 1928, State Gravel reserve areas were established, which covered a number of individual sections of the sandy arenas in the Lower Dnieper valley, and in 1929, coastal reserve areas were discussed at all gatherings of the Bureau of UCNMP. However, there were no administrations of the reserves, so by 1932, independent coastal reserves were incorporated into the Askania Nova reserve. From January 1st, 1933, Askania Nova was divided into two regions, each independent institutions. These were the Black Sea and the Azov-Syvash State Reserves, today known as the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve and the Azov Syvash National Nature Park.

Research history

In 1928, a detailed description of individual parts of coastal reserves was released to the public in "Protect Natural sites in Ukraine", a book issued by the Ukrainian Committee for Protection of Monuments of Nature.

In 1927, on behalf of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, M. Sharleman led an expedition to study newly created Coastal reserves. Freelance researcher of the Zoological Museum UAS A. K. Shepe participated in the first excursion, which was held between 10th and 23 June 1927. The second excursion, which was held between 3rd and 14 September, brought on board A. K. Shepe, O. YU. Borzakovskyy, and research workers from the Chapli Reserve who had attended the previous excursion. They were Head of Department of Scientific Zoological Station, O.O. Schumer and entomologist, S.I. Medvedev.

In his report of the expedition, Sharleman noted the urgent need to strengthen reserve protection and inform nearby villages about environmental protection. He also acknowledged the need for more detailed study of coastal reserves and the need for permanent research stations in reserve areas.[6] In 1928, all territory of coastal reserves areas was intensely studied by Odessa Regional Inspector for the Protection of Nature, V.H.Averin [7] and ornithologists S.I Snihirevskyy,[8] L.A.Portenko.[9]

In 1932, describing the value of State Coastal reserves, Sharleman noted: “The great flight ways of the birds of our union are near the seaside and the islands. The protection of health-arterial routes influences greatly on the number of birds in most parts of the union”[10] This initiated the construction of ornithological stations for studying bird flight in coastal reserves.

Literature concerning

  1. Averin V. Excursion to Churyuk island / Kharkiv, 1928 Averin V.
  2. Kurylo-Krymchak A. 1929. A few words about the coastal reserve areas of Melitopol province // Ukr. hunter and fisherman.— 1929. — No. 11–12. — p. 39–41.
  3. Lavrenko E., Зоз І. The vegetation of Michael stud (col. Of Kapnist) Sumy provinces // Protection of natural monuments of Ukraine. Digest 2.- 1928, p. 23–37.
  4. Scientific Chronicle // Journal of Natural Sciences, No.3–4, 1927, – p. 208
  5. Sharleman M. Natural conservation and collect information about the animals "Natural monuments"// Exploring the nature of the land: a digest of articles on the methods of environmental studies and collecting. — Kyiv, 1932. — p. 105–112
  6. Sharleman M. The southern reserve areas of Ukraine // Conservation of Nature in Ukraine — Kharkiv, 1928. — p. 4–15
  7. Sharleman M. Something about coastal reserve areas/ Bulletin of science. — 1931. — No. :1/2. — p. 65–66.
  8. Sharleman M. Something about coastal reserve areas // Ukr. Hund. And Fish.- 1929 – No.2–3 – p. 9-11
  9. Sharleman M. Materials on ornithofauna of Dzharylhach island in the Black Sea (with O. Shumer) // Digest of studies of Zoological museum – 1930 -No.8 – p. 99–117

References

  1. ^ Kurylo-Krymchak A. 1929. A few words about the coastal reserve areas of Melitopol province // Ukr. hunter and fisherman.. – 1929. – № 11–12. – P. 39-41
  2. ^ ЦДАВО, Ф.2 оп.7. спр 72, арк. 120
  3. ^ Sharleman M. The southern reserve areas of Ukraine // Conservation of Nature in Ukraine – Kharkiv, 1928. – p. 4-15
  4. ^ Sharleman M. Notebook of naturalist // Biology to the masses. – 1937. – №:2. – P. 55-60
  5. ^ Averin V. Excursion to Churyuk island / Kharkiv, 1928; Averin V.G. Protection of birds and bird sanctuaries in Ukraine // Protection of natural monuments in Ukraine, Digest 1. Kharkiv, 1928
  6. ^ Sharleman M. The southern reserve areas of Ukraine // Natural conservation of Ukraine — Kharkiv, 1928. — P. 4-15
  7. ^ Averin V. Excursion to Churyuk island / Kharkiv, 1928
  8. ^ Snihirovskiy S.I. List of birds observed on the islands of Sivash – Petrovka and Uzhy-Tugay from May 13 to 15, 1922 //Ukrainian zoological journal, 1923, part.2, p.9-10
  9. ^ Potrenko L.A. Materials on the organization at the Sivash bird sanctuaries in the Black Sea. Trip to Churyuk island // Ukr. hunter and fisherman. 1925, №2, p.20-23
  10. ^ Sharleman М. Natural conservation and collection information about the animals «Natural monuments» // Exploring the nature of the region: a digest of articles on the methods of environmental studies and collecting.— Kyiv, 1932. — p. 105-112.

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