Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state and Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox: Difference between pages

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−1'''}}, 0, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0<ref>Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride [[Atom cluster|clusters]]; see {{cite journal |first1=Milan |last1=Milovanović |first2=Suzana |last2=Veličković |first3=Filip |last3=Veljkovićb |first4=Stanka |last4=Jerosimić |title=Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters |journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics |issue=45 |date=October 30, 2017 |volume=19 |pages=30481–30497 |doi=10.1039/C7CP04181K |pmid=29114648 |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cp/c7cp04181k}}</ref>, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name=ZeroValentBeryllium>Be(0) has been observed; see {{cite web |title= Beryllium(0) Complex Found |url= https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/news/9426001/Beryllium0_Complex_Found.html |publisher= [[Chemistry Europe]] |date= 13 June 2016}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/252.pdf|title=Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data|access-date=2007-12-10|publisher=bernath.uwaterloo.ca}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−5, −1, 0,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1221138|title=Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond|year=2012|last1=Braunschweig|first1=H.|last2=Dewhurst|first2=R. D. |last3=Hammond|first3=K.|last4=Mies|first4=J.|last5=Radacki|first5=K.|last6=Vargas|first6=A.|journal=Science|volume=336|issue=6087|pages=1420–2|pmid=22700924|bibcode=2012Sci...336.1420B|s2cid=206540959}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/125.pdf| title=Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF| author1=Zhang, K.Q.| author2=Guo, B.|author3=Braun, V.| author4=Dulick, M.| author5=Bernath, P.F.| journal=J. Molecular Spectroscopy| volume=170| issue=1| year=1995| page=82| doi=10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058|bibcode=1995JMoSp.170...82Z}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/binary/KKUKEQ5AXZBNJVU7NJCHZB4UXT2HAGJE/full/1.pdf|author=Schroeder, Melanie |title=Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden|page=139|language=de}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4

[[Methane|{{resize|1=112%|2='''−4'''}}]], [[Ethane|{{resize|1=112%|2='''−3'''}}]], [[Methanol|{{resize|1=112%|2='''−2'''}}]], [[Carbide|{{resize|1=112%|2='''−1'''}}]], [[Formaldehyde|{{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}]], [[Glyoxal|{{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/42.pdf|title=Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical|access-date=2007-12-06}}</ref> [[Carbon monoxide|{{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}]], [[Oxalic acid|{{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/36.pdf|title=Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP|access-date=2007-12-06}}</ref> [[Carbon dioxide|{{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.webelements.com/carbon/compounds.html|title=Carbon: Binary compounds|access-date=2007-12-06}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

{{resize|1=112%|2='''−3'''}}, −2, −1, 0,<ref>[[Tetrazole]]s contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, {{chem2|CH2N4}} (two atoms N(0)) is given in {{cite journal | last=Henry | first=Ronald A. | last2=Finnegan | first2=William G. | title=An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole | journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume=76 | issue=1 | date=1954 | issn=0002-7863 | doi=10.1021/ja01630a086 | pages=290–291}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

{{resize|1=112%|2='''−2'''}}, [[peroxide|−1]], [[Hypofluorous acid|0]], [[Dioxygen difluoride|+1]], [[Oxygen difluoride|+2]]

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−1'''}}, 0<ref>{{cite journal <!--|quote=Our calculations indicate clearly that the species claimed to be AuF7 had not been synthesized. Instead, a new gold fluoride complex AuF₅·F₂ was prepared. -->|last1=Himmel |first1=D. |last2=Riedel |first2=S. |title=After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF₇' Is Actually AuF₅·F₂ |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |volume=46 |issue=13 |at=5338–5342 |date=2007 |doi=10.1021/ic700431s}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=oxidizes oxygen|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−1, 0,<ref>The compound [[NaCl]] has been shown in experiments to exists in several unusual [[stoichiometry|stoichiometries]] under high pressure, including Na₃Cl in which contains a layer of sodium(0) atoms; see {{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=W. |last2=Oganov |first2=A. R. |last3=Goncharov |first3=A. F. |last4=Zhu |first4=Q. |last5=Boulfelfel |first5=S. E. |last6=Lyakhov |first6=A. O. |last7=Stavrou |first7=E. |last8=Somayazulu |first8=M. |last9=Prakapenka |first9=V. B. |last10=Konôpková |first10=Z. |year=2013 |title=Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides |journal=Science |volume=342 |issue=6165 |pages=1502–1505 |arxiv=1310.7674 |bibcode=2013Sci...342.1502Z |doi=10.1126/science.1244989 |pmid=24357316|s2cid=15298372}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref>Mg(0) has been synthesized in a compound containing a Na₂Mg₂²⁺ cluster coordinated to a bulky organic ligand; see {{cite journal |first1=B. |last1=Rösch |first2=T. X. |last2=Gentner |first3=J. |last3=Eyselein |first4=J. |last4=Langer |first5=H. |last5=Elsen |first6=W. |last6=Li |first7=S. |last7=Harder |title=Strongly reducing magnesium(0) complexes |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03401-w |journal=Nature |volume=592 |year=2021 |issue=7856 |pages=717–721 |pmid=33911274 |bibcode=2021Natur.592..717R |s2cid=233447380 |postscript=none}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/24.pdf| title=The spectrum of magnesium hydride |author=Bernath, P. F. |author2=Black, J. H. |author3=Brault, J. W. |name-list-style=amp |bibcode=1985ApJ...298..375B | doi=10.1086/163620

|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=298| year=1985| page=375}}. See also [[Low valent magnesium compounds]].</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2, −1, 0,<ref>Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of [[Trimethylaluminum|Al₂(CH₃)₆]] with carbon monoxide; see {{cite journal |first1=Ramiro |last1=Sanchez |first2=Caleb |last2=Arrington |first3=C. A. |last3=Arrington Jr. |title=Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes |journal=American Chemical Society |volume=111 |issue=25 |date=December 1, 1989 |page=9110-9111 |doi=10.1021/ja00207a023 |osti=6973516 |url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6973516-reaction-trimethylaluminum-carbon-monoxide-low-temperature-matrices}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite journal| title = Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions|author1=Dohmeier, C. |author2=Loos, D. |author3=Schnöckel, H. | journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition | year =1996| volume =35|issue=2 | pages =129–149| doi =10.1002/anie.199601291}}</ref> +2,<ref>{{cite journal| author = Tyte, D. C. | title = Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide| doi = 10.1038/202383a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 202| issue = 4930 | year = 1964| page = 383 | bibcode=1964Natur.202..383T| s2cid = 4163250}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+4

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,<ref name=ZeroValentTin>{{cite web |title=New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound |url= https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/news/9745121/New_Type_of_Zero-Valent_Tin_Compound.html |publisher=[[Chemistry Europe]] |date=27 August 2016}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ram, R. S.|title=Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/184.pdf |journal=J. Mol. Spectr. |volume=190|issue=2|pages=341–352|year=1998|pmid=9668026|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582}}</ref> +2, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−3'''}}, −2, −1, 0,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ja807828t|title=Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus|year=2008|last1=Wang|first1=Yuzhong|last2=Xie|first2=Yaoming|last3=Wei|first3=Pingrong|last4=King|first4=R. Bruce|last5=Schaefer|first5=Iii|last6=Schleyer|first6=Paul v. R.|last7=Robinson|first7=Gregory H.|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=130|issue=45|pages=14970–1|pmid=18937460}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic060186o|pmid=16903744|title=Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds|year=2006|last1=Ellis|first1=Bobby D.|last2=MacDonald|first2=Charles L. B.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=45|issue=17|pages=6864–74}}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−2'''}}, −1, [[Hydrogen thioperoxide|0]], [[Disulfur dichloride|+1]], {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

{{resize|1=112%|2='''−1'''}}, 0, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}}, +6, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+7'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}

0,<ref name="Cloke1991">{{cite journal |author=Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. |author2=Khan, Karl |author3=Perutz, Robin N. |name-list-style=amp |date=1991|title=η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium(II) |journal= J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.|issue=19|pages=1372–1373|doi= 10.1039/C39910001372}}</ref> +1,<ref name="Smith">{{cite journal|title=Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals|first=R. E.|last=Smith | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences|volume=332|pages=113–127|issue=1588|year=1973|doi=10.1098/rspa.1973.0015|bibcode=1973RSPSA.332..113S |s2cid=96908213}}</ref> +2,<ref name="McGuire">{{cite journal|title=Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride|first=Joseph C.|last=McGuire|author2=Kempter, Charles P.|journal=Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=33|issue=5|pages=1584–1585|year=1960|doi=10.1063/1.1731452|bibcode=1960JChPh..33.1584M }}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +3, +4

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2, −1, 0,<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Jilek |first1= Robert E. |last2= Tripepi |first2= Giovanna |last3= Urnezius |first3= Eugenijus |last4= Brennessel |first4= William W. |last5= Young |first5= Victor G. Jr. |last6= Ellis |first6= John E. |title= Zerovalent titanium–sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of {{awrap|Ti(CO)₆:[Ti(CO)₄(S₂CNR₂)]⁻}} |journal= Chem. Commun. |issue= 25 |year= 2007 |pages= 2639–2641 |doi= 10.1039/B700808B |pmid= 17579764}}</ref> +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}<ref>{{cite journal|author=Andersson, N.|title=Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/257.pdf|journal=J. Chem. Phys.|volume=118|issue=8|year=2003|page=10543|doi=10.1063/1.1539848|bibcode=2003JChPh.118.3543A |display-authors=etal}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +3, +4, +5

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +3, +6

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=depending|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +3, +4, +6, +7

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+7'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=depending|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +3

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ram |first1=R. S. |last2=Bernath |first2=P. F. |journal=Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy |volume=221| year=2003| page=261|bibcode=2003JMoSp.221..261R |doi=10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00225-X|title=Fourier transform emission spectroscopy of the g⁴Δ&ndash;a⁴Δ system of FeCl|issue=2}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/zaac.19824910109|title=Recent developments in the field of high oxidation states of transition elements in oxides stabilization of six-coordinated Iron(V)|year=1982|last1=Demazeau|first1=G.|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|volume=491|pages=60–66|last2=Buffat|first2=B.|last3=Pouchard|first3=M.|last4=Hagenmuller|first4=P.}}</ref> +6, +7<ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1039/C6CP06753K|pmid=27812577|title=Experimental and theoretical identification of the Fe(VII) oxidation state in FeO₄⁻|year=2016|last1=Lu|first1=J.|journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics|volume=18|issue=45|pages=31125–31131|last2=Jian|first2=J.|last3=Huang|first3=W.|last4=Lin|first4=H.|last5=Li|first5=J|last6=Zhou|first6=M.|bibcode=2016PCCP...1831125L}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5<ref name=greenwood>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|pages=1117–1119}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2, −1, 0, +1,<ref>{{cite journal| title=A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps| journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition| year=2009| volume=48 | issue=18| pages=3357–61| doi=10.1002/anie.200805862| last1=Pfirrmann| first1=Stefan| last2=Limberg| first2=Christian| last3=Herwig| first3=Christian| last4=Stößer| first4=Reinhard| last5=Ziemer| first5=Burkhard| pmid=19322853}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, +4<ref>{{cite journal| title=A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)| journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition| year=2009| volume=48 | issue=2| pages=290–4| doi=10.1002/anie.200804435| last1=Carnes| first1=Matthew| last2=Buccella| first2=Daniela| last3=Chen| first3=Judy Y.-C.| last4=Ramirez| first4=Arthur P.| last5=Turro| first5=Nicholas J.| last6=Nuckolls| first6=Colin| last7=Steigerwald| first7=Michael| pmid=19021174}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+1, +2

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2, 0,<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Marc-Etienne|last1=Moret|first2=Limei|last2=Zhang|first3=Jonas C.|last3=Peters|title=A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond|journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc|year=2013|volume=135|issue=10|pages=3792–3795|doi=10.1021/ja4006578|pmid=23418750|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/37931/ }}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, +4 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−5, −4, −3,<ref>Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see {{cite journal|lang=de|first1=Ines|last1=Dürr|first2=Britta|last2=Bauer|first3=Caroline|last3=Röhr|title=Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_''x''(Si,Ge)_1-''x''. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen|journal=Z. Naturforsch.|year=2011|volume=66b|pages=1107–1121|url=http://www.znaturforsch.com/s66b/s66b1107.pdf}}</ref> −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/frei/978-3-7281-2597-2.volltext.frei.pdf|author=Hofmann, Patrick |title=Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden|page=72|language=de|date=1997|publisher=PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich|doi=10.3929/ethz-a-001859893|hdl=20.500.11850/143357 |isbn=978-3728125972}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +4

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,<ref name=ZeroValentTin2>{{cite web |title=New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound |url= https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/news/9745121/New_Type_of_Zero-Valent_Tin_Compound.html |publisher=[[Chemistry Europe]] |date=27 August 2016}}</ref> +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

{{resize|1=112%|2='''−3'''}}, −2, −1, 0,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/chem.200902840|title=Carbene Stabilization of Diarsenic: From Hypervalency to Allotropy|year=2010|last1=Abraham|first1=Mariham Y.|last2=Wang|first2=Yuzhong|last3=Xie|first3=Yaoming|last4=Wei|first4=Pingrong|last5=Shaefer III|first5=Henry F.|last6=Schleyer|first6=P. von R.|last7=Robinson|first7=Gregory H.|journal=Chemistry: A European Journal|volume=16|issue=2|pages=432–5|pmid=19937872}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic049281s|pmid=15360247|title=Stabilized Arsenic(I) Iodide: A Ready Source of Arsenic Iodide Fragments and a Useful Reagent for the Generation of Clusters|year=2004|last1=Ellis|first1=Bobby D.|last2=MacDonald|first2=Charles L. B.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=43|issue=19|pages=5981–6}}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−2'''}}, −1, 0,<ref>A Se(0) atom has been identified using DFT in [ReOSe(2-pySe)₃]; see {{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.inoche.2014.04.003|title=Synthesis and structure of [ReOSe(2-Se-py)3]: A rhenium(V) complex with selenium(0) as a ligand|year=2014|last1=Cargnelutti|first1=Roberta|last2=Lang|first2=Ernesto S.|last3=Piquini|first3=Paulo|last4=Abram|first4=Ulrich|journal=Inorganic Chemistry Communications|volume=45|pages=48–50|issn=1387-7003}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−1'''}}, 0, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2,<ref>Br(II) is known to occur in bromine monoxide [[Radical (chemistry)|radical]]; see [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100382a032 Kinetics of the bromine monoxide radical + bromine monoxide radical reaction]</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}}, +7 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}, +1, +2 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=rarely non-0, unk oxide|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=weakly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment| +2,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calderazzo |first=Fausto |last2=Pampaloni |first2=Guido |date=January 1992 |title=Organometallics of groups 4 and 5: Oxidation states II and lower |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022328X92831263 |journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry |language=en |volume=423 |issue=3 |pages=307–328 |doi=10.1016/0022-328X(92)83126-3}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}<ref>

{{Cite journal |last=Ma |first=Wen |last2=Herbert |first2=F. William |last3=Senanayake |first3=Sanjaya D. |last4=Yildiz |first4=Bilge |date=2015-03-09 |title=Non-equilibrium oxidation states of zirconium during early stages of metal oxidation |url=https://pubs.aip.org/apl/article/106/10/101603/236409/Non-equilibrium-oxidation-states-of-zirconium |journal=Applied Physics Letters |language=en |volume=106 |issue=10 |doi=10.1063/1.4914180 |issn=0003-6951}}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,{{cn|date=February 2024}} +2, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−1, 0, +1,{{cn|date=February 2024}} +2, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, +6, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+7'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −2, 0, +1,{{cn|date=February 2024}} +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, +6, +7, +8 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3<ref>Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.</ref>, −1, 0, +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5, +6, +7<ref>Rh(VII) is known in the RhO₃⁺ cation, see {{cite journal |title=The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+ |journal=Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. |date=2022 |doi=10.1002/anie.202207688|last1=Da Silva Santos |first1=Mayara |last2=Stüker |first2=Tony |last3=Flach |first3=Max |last4=Ablyasova |first4=Olesya S. |last5=Timm |first5=Martin |last6=von Issendorff |first6=Bernd |last7=Hirsch |first7=Konstantin |last8=Zamudio‐Bayer |first8=Vicente |last9=Riedel |first9=Sebastian |last10=Lau |first10=J. Tobias |volume=61 |issue=38 |pages=e202207688 |pmid=35818987 |pmc=9544489 }}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=0, +2, +4

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5<ref>Palladium(V) has been identified in complexes with organosilicon compounds containing pentacoordinate palladium; see {{cite journal |first1=Shigeru |last1=Shimada |first2=Yong-Hua |last2=Li |first3=Yoong-Kee |last3=Choe |first4=Masato |last4=Tanaka |first5=Ming |last5=Bao |first6=Tadafumi |last6=Uchimaru |title=Multinuclear palladium compounds containing palladium centers ligated by five silicon atoms |doi=10.1073/pnas.0700450104 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=104 |year=2007 |issue=19 |pages=7758–7763|pmid=17470819 |pmc=1876520 |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2, −1, 0,<ref>Ag(0) has been observed in carbonyl complexes in low-temperature matrices: see {{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ja00427a018|title=Synthesis using metal vapors. Silver carbonyls. Matrix infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and electron spin resonance spectra, structures, and bonding of silver tricarbonyl, silver dicarbonyl, silver monocarbonyl, and disilver hexacarbonyl|year=1976|last1=McIntosh|first1=D.|last2=Ozin|first2=G. A.|journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc.|volume=98|issue=11|pages=3167–75}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2, +3 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−5, −2, −1, 0,<ref>Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anthony-Downs-2/publication/6589844_Development_of_the_Chemistry_of_Indium_in_Formal_Oxidation_States_Lower_than_3/links/5a82db2a0f7e9bda869fb52c/Development-of-the-Chemistry-of-Indium-in-Formal-Oxidation-States-Lower-than-3.pdf?origin=publication_detail], p. 6.</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic951378e|title=Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties|year=1996|last1=Guloy|first1=A. M.|last2=Corbett|first2=J. D.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=35|issue=9|pages=2616–22|pmid=11666477}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +4

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,<ref name=ZeroValentTin3>{{cite web |title=New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound |url= https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/news/9745121/New_Type_of_Zero-Valent_Tin_Compound.html |publisher=[[Chemistry Europe]] |date=27 August 2016}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite web|title=HSn|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C13940255&Units=SI|work=NIST Chemistry WebBook|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3,<ref>{{cite web|title=SnH3|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=B1001467&Units=SI|work=NIST Chemistry WebBook|publisher=National Institure of Standards and Technology|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+3, +5

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −2, −1, 0,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8817/39f9dfc007d7f77dd7baa63fe12e6079f8ef.pdf|author=Anastas Sidiropoulos|title=Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements|year=2019 |page=39|doi=10.4225/03/5B0F4BDF98F60|s2cid=132399530}}

</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−2'''}}, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''−1'''}}, 0, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2,<ref>I(II) is known to exist in monoxide (IO); see {{cite journal|last1=Nikitin|first1=I V|title=Halogen monoxides|journal=Russian Chemical Reviews|date=31 August 2008|volume=77|issue=8|pages=739–749|doi=10.1070/RC2008v077n08ABEH003788|bibcode=2008RuCRv..77..739N|s2cid=250898175 }}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}}, +6, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+7'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=[[tetraxenonogold(II)|{{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}]], +2, +4, +6, +8 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=rarely non-0, weakly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}<ref name="caeside2">{{cite journal|journal = [[Angewandte Chemie|Angewandte Chemie International Edition]]|year = 1979|first = J. L.|last = Dye|title = Compounds of Alkali Metal Anions|volume = 18|issue = 8|pages = 587–598|doi = 10.1002/anie.197905871}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref name=LnI>La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see {{cite journal|title=Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes |journal=Nature Communications |volume=12 |page=6467 |year=2021 |last1=Li |first1=Wan-Lu |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 |last2=Chen |first2=Teng-Teng |last3=Chen |first3=Wei-Jia |last4=Li |first4=Jun |last5=Wang |first5=Lai-Sheng|issue=1 |pmid=34753931 |pmc=8578558 }}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=58|issue=1|pages=411–418|last1=Chen|first1=Xin|display-authors=etal|date=2019-12-13|doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572|pmid=30543295|s2cid=56148031 }}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref>SmB₆^- cluster anion has been reported and contains Sm in rare oxidation state of +1; see {{cite journal| title=SmB₆^– Cluster Anion: Covalency Involving f Orbitals

|first1=J. Robinson |last1=Paul |first2=Zhang |last2=Xinxing |first3=McQueen |last3=Tyrel |first4=H. Bowen |last4=Kit |first5=N. Alexandrova |last5=Anastassia |journal=J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 8, 1849–1854 |year = 2017|volume = 121|issue = 8|pages = 1849–1854|doi=10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00247 |pmid=28182423 |s2cid=3723987 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00247#}}.</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref name=LnI>La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see {{cite journal|title=Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes |journal=Nature Communications |volume=12 |page=6467 |year=2021 |last1=Li |first1=Wan-Lu |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 |last2=Chen |first2=Teng-Teng |last3=Chen |first3=Wei-Jia |last4=Li |first4=Jun |last5=Wang |first5=Lai-Sheng|issue=1 |pmid=34753931 |pmc=8578558 }}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=weakly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=weakly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref name=LnI>La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see {{cite journal|title=Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes |journal=Nature Communications |volume=12 |page=6467 |year=2021 |last1=Li |first1=Wan-Lu |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 |last2=Chen |first2=Teng-Teng |last3=Chen |first3=Wei-Jia |last4=Li |first4=Jun |last5=Wang |first5=Lai-Sheng|issue=1 |pmid=34753931 |pmc=8578558 }}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref name=LnI>La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see {{cite journal|title=Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes |journal=Nature Communications |volume=12 |page=6467 |year=2021 |last1=Li |first1=Wan-Lu |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 |last2=Chen |first2=Teng-Teng |last3=Chen |first3=Wei-Jia |last4=Li |first4=Jun |last5=Wang |first5=Lai-Sheng|issue=1 |pmid=34753931 |pmc=8578558 }}</ref> +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0,<ref name="Cloke1993">Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see {{cite journal |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |date=1993 |volume=22 |pages=17–24 |first=F. Geoffrey N. |last=Cloke |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}} and {{cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=Polly L.|last2=Petrukhina|first2=Marina A.|last3=Bochenkov|first3=Vladimir E.|last4=Shabatina|first4=Tatyana I.|last5=Zagorskii|first5=Vyacheslav V.|last6=Cloke|first9=F. Geoffrey N.|date=2003-12-15|title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=688|issue=1–2|pages=49–55|doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=weakly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+3, +4, +7

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, +6, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+7'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+2, +3, +4, +8

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, +6, +7, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+8'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+1, +3, +4

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, –2, −1, 0, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9<ref name=IrIX>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Guanjun |last2=Zhou |first2=Mingfei |last3=Goettel |first3=James T. |last4=Schrobilgen |first4=Gary G. |last5=Su |first5=Jing |last6=Li |first6=Jun |last7=Schlöder |first7=Tobias |last8=Riedel |first8=Sebastian |date=2014 |title=Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX |journal=Nature |volume=514 |issue=7523 |pages=475–477 |doi=10.1038/nature13795 |pmid=25341786|bibcode=2014Natur.514..475W |s2cid=4463905 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, [[platinum hexafluoride|+6]] {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −2, [[Caesium auride|−1]], 0,<ref>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O |title= Gold(I) and Gold(0) Complexes of Phosphinine‐Based Macrocycles|first1=Nicolas |last1= Mézaille |first2=Narcis |last2=Avarvari |first3=Nicole |last3=Maigrot|first4=Louis |last4=Ricard|first5=François |last5=Mathey|first6=Pascal |last6=Le Floch|first7=Laurent|last7=Cataldo|first8=Théo|last8=Berclaz|first9=Michel|last9=Geoffroy|journal= Angewandte Chemie International Edition|year= 1999 |volume= 38|issue= 21|pages= 3194–3197|pmid= 10556900}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, [[Gold pentafluoride|+5]] {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+1, +2

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−2 , {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−5,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic960014z|title=Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions|year=1996|last1=Dong|first1=Z.-C.|last2=Corbett|first2=J. D.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=35|issue=11|pages=3107–12|pmid=11666505 }}</ref><!-- is about a Tl 7- then? --> −2, −1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−4, −2, −1, 0,<ref>Pb(0) carbonyls have been observered in reaction between lead atoms and [[carbon monoxide]]; see {{cite journal|url=https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1834915 | title= Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon

|first1=Jiang |last1=Ling |first2=Xu |last2=Qiang |journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3): 034505 |year = 2005|volume = 122|issue = 3|page = 34505|doi=10.1063/1.1834915 |pmid = 15740207|bibcode = 2005JChPh.122c4505J|issn=0021-9606}}</ref> +1, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−3, −2, −1, 0,<ref>Bi(0) state exists in a [[Heterocyclic compound|N-heterocyclic carbene]] complex of dibismuthene; see {{cite journal |first1=Rajesh |last1=Deka |first2=Andreas |last2=Orthaber |title=Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects |journal=Royal Society of Chemistry |issue=22 |date=May 6, 2022 |volume=51 |pages=8540–8556 |doi=10.1039/d2dt00755j |pmid=35578901|s2cid=248675805 }}</ref> +1, +2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=mildly acidic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default='''[[Polonide|−2]]''', {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5,<ref name="Thayer p78">{{cite journal |last1=Thayer |first1=John S. |journal=Relativistic Methods for Chemists |title=Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements |series=Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics |year=2010 |volume=10 |page=78 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9974-8 }}</ref> +6 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}, +2, +6

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic expected|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=strongly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−1,<ref name="Th(-1), U(-1)">Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see {{cite journal| title=Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)₈]^+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding

|first1=Chi |last1=Chaoxian |first2=Pan |last2=Sudip |first3=Jin |last3=Jiaye |first4=Meng |last4=Luyan |first5=Luo |last5=Mingbiao |first6=Zhao |last6=Lili |first7=Zhou |last7=Mingfei |first8=Frenking |last8=Gernot |journal=Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784 |year = 2019|volume = 25|issue = 50|pages = 11772–11784|doi=10.1002/chem.201902625 |issn=0947-6539 |pmc=6772027

|pmid=31276242}}</ref> +1, +2, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=weakly basic|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=+4, +6

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=−1,<ref name="Th(-1), U(-1)">Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see {{cite journal| title=Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)₈]^+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding

|first1=Chi |last1=Chaoxian |first2=Pan |last2=Sudip |first3=Jin |last3=Jiaye |first4=Meng |last4=Luyan |first5=Luo |last5=Mingbiao |first6=Zhao |last6=Lili |first7=Zhou |last7=Mingfei |first8=Frenking |last8=Gernot |journal=Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784 |year = 2019|volume = 25|issue = 50|pages = 11772–11784|doi=10.1002/chem.201902625 |issn=0947-6539 |pmc=6772027

|pmid=31276242}}</ref> +1, +2, +3,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements|edition=3rd|editor1=Morss, L.R. |editor2=Edelstein, N.M. |editor3=Fuger, J. |place=Netherlands|publisher=Springer|year=2006|isbn=978-9048131464}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=+2, +3, +4,<ref name="Dutkiewicz2017">Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see {{cite journal|doi=10.1039/C7SC00034K|pmid=28553487|pmc=5431675|year=2017|title=Reduction chemistry of neptunium cyclopentadienide complexes: from structure to understanding|first1=Michał S.|last1=Dutkiewicz|first2=Christos|last2=Apostolidis|first3=Olaf|last3=Walter|first4=Polly L|last4=Arnold|volume=8|issue=4|journal=Chem. Sci.|pages=2553–2561}}</ref> {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}}, +6, +7 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=+2, +3, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}, +5, +6, +7, +8 {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5,<ref name="Kovács2018">{{cite journal |last1=Kovács |first1=Attila |last2=Dau |first2=Phuong D. |last3=Marçalo |first3=Joaquim |last4=Gibson |first4=John K. |date=2018 |title=Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States |journal=Inorg. Chem. |volume=57 |issue=15 |pages=9453–9467 |publisher=American Chemical Society |doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450 |pmid=30040397 |osti=1631597 |s2cid=51717837 }}</ref> +6<ref name="CmO3">{{cite journal |last1=Domanov |first1=V. P. |last2=Lobanov |first2=Yu. V. |date=October 2011 |title=Formation of volatile curium(VI) trioxide CmO₃ |journal=Radiochemistry |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=453–6 |publisher=SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica |doi=10.1134/S1066362211050018|s2cid=98052484 }}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=amphoteric|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=+2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5<ref name="Kovács2018">{{cite journal |last1=Kovács |first1=Attila |last2=Dau |first2=Phuong D. |last3=Marçalo |first3=Joaquim |last4=Gibson |first4=John K. |date=2018 |title=Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States |journal=Inorg. Chem. |volume=57 |issue=15 |pages=9453–9467 |publisher=American Chemical Society |doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450 |pmid=30040397 |osti=1631597 |s2cid=51717837 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=+2, {{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}, +4, +5<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=1265}}</ref><ref name="Kovács2018">{{cite journal |last1=Kovács |first1=Attila |last2=Dau |first2=Phuong D. |last3=Marçalo |first3=Joaquim |last4=Gibson |first4=John K. |date=2018 |title=Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States |journal=Inorg. Chem. |volume=57 |issue=15 |pages=9453–9467 |publisher=American Chemical Society |doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450 |pmid=30040397 |osti=1631597 |s2cid=51717837 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(+2), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), {{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}<ref name="rsc-Rf">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/104/rutherfordium |title=Rutherfordium |publisher=Royal Chemical Society |access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref><ref name=Haire/>{{Fricke1975}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(+3), (+4), {{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}}<ref name=Haire/>{{Fricke1975}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=0, (+3), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}), (+5), {{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}}<ref name=Haire/>{{Fricke1975}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+5'''}}), {{resize|1=112%|2='''+7'''}}<ref name=Haire/>{{Fricke1975}} {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|main=(+3), (+4) {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(+2), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}), (+6), {{resize|1=112%|2='''+8'''}}<ref>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006 |page=1691}}</ref>{{Fricke1975}}<ref name="hassocene">{{cite conference|url=http://www-win.gsi.de/tasca08/contributions/TASCA08_Cont_Duellmann1.pdf |title=Investigation of group 8 metallocenes @ TASCA |last1=Düllmann |first1=C. E. |date=2008 |conference=7th Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry TASCA 08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430000106/https://www-win.gsi.de/tasca08/contributions/TASCA08_Cont_Duellmann1.pdf |access-date=28 August 2020|archive-date=30 April 2014}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=({{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), (+4), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+6'''}}), (+8), (+9){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name="MtX4">{{cite journal|doi=10.1023/B:RUCO.0000026006.39497.82|title=Halides of Tetravalent Transactinides (Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt, 110th Element): Physicochemical Properties|year=2004|last1=Ionova|first1=G. V.|last2=Ionova|first2=I. S.|last3=Mikhalko|first3=V. K.|last4=Gerasimova|first4=G. A.|last5=Kostrubov|first5=Yu. N.|last6=Suraeva|first6=N. I.|journal=Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry|volume=30|issue=5|pages=352|s2cid=96127012}}</ref><ref name="Mt(IX)">{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/cphc.200900910|title=How Far Can We Go? Quantum-Chemical Investigations of Oxidation State +IX|year=2010|last1=Himmel|first1=Daniel|last2=Knapp|first2=Carsten|last3=Patzschke|first3=Michael|last4=Riedel|first4=Sebastian|journal=ChemPhysChem|volume=11|issue=4|pages=865–9|pmid=20127784}}</ref>{{Fricke1975}}

|main=(0), (+2), (+4){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=({{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}), (+6), (+8){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire/>{{Fricke1975}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(−1), (+1), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), (+5), (+7){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>{{Fricke1975}}<ref name=hepta>{{cite journal |last1=Conradie |first1=Jeanet |last2=Ghosh |first2=Abhik |date=15 June 2019 |title=Theoretical Search for the Highest Valence States of the Coinage Metals: Roentgenium Heptafluoride May Exist |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |volume=2019 |issue=58 |pages=8735–8738 |doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01139|pmid=31203606 |s2cid=189944098 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default={{resize|1=112%|2='''0'''}}, (+1), {{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}, (+4), (+6){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=parenthesized|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name="superheavy chemistry">{{Cite book|first1=Heinz W.|last1=Gäggeler|first2=Andreas|last2=Türler|title=The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements|chapter=Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements|year=2013|pages=415–483|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1_8|access-date=2018-04-21|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1_8|isbn=978-3-642-37465-4}}</ref>{{Fricke1975}}<ref name=VI>{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Shu-Xian |last2=Zou |first2=Wenli |date=23 September 2021 |title=Stable copernicium hexafluoride (CnF₆) with an oxidation state of VI+ |journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics |volume=2022 |issue=24 |pages=321–325 |doi=10.1039/D1CP04360A|pmid=34889909 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(−1), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), (+5){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>{{Fricke1975}}<ref name="Thayer pp63-67">{{cite book |last1=Thayer |first1=John S. |editor-first1=Maria |editor-last1=Barysz |editor-first2=Yasuyuki |editor-last2=Ishikawa |title=Relativistic Methods for Chemists |date=2010 |pages=63–67 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2 |chapter=Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements |series=Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics |volume=10 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4020-9974-8}}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(0), (+1), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}), (+4), (+6){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>{{Fricke1975}}<ref name=Schwerdtfeger>{{cite journal |last1=Schwerdtfeger |first1=Peter |last2=Seth |first2=Michael |date=2002 |title=Relativistic Quantum Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements. Closed-Shell Element 114 as a Case Study |url=http://www.radiochem.org/paper/JN31/30.pdf |journal=Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=133–136 |access-date=12 September 2014|doi=10.14494/jnrs2000.3.133 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=({{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>{{Fricke1975|ref}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(−2),<ref name="Thayer p83">{{cite journal |last1=Thayer |first1=John S. |journal=Relativistic Methods for Chemists |title=Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements |series=Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics |year=2010 |volume=10 |page=83 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9974-8 }}</ref> ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}), (+4){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(−1), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}), (+5){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}{{Fricke1975}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(−1),<ref name=Haire/> (0), (+1),<ref name=hydride>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=112|issue=6|year=2000|title=Spin–orbit effects on the transactinide p-block element monohydrides MH (M=element 113–118)|first1=Young-Kyu |last1=Han|first2=Cheolbeom |last2=Bae|first3=Sang-Kil |last3=Son|first4=Yoon Sup |last4=Lee|doi=10.1063/1.480842|page=2684|bibcode=2000JChPh.112.2684H}}</ref> ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}),<ref name=Kaldor/> ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}),<ref name=Kaldor>{{cite book|title=Theoretical Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements|first1=Uzi |last1=Kaldor |first2=Stephen|last2=Wilson|page=105|year=2003|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1402013713|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0xcAM5BzS-wC&q=element+118+properties|access-date=2008-01-18}}</ref> (+6)<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref> {{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=({{resize|1=112%|2='''+1'''}}), (+3), (+5){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name=Cao>{{cite journal |last1=Cao |first1=Chang-Su |last2=Hu |first2=Han-Shi |last3=Schwarz |first3=W. H. Eugen |last4=Li |first4=Jun |date=2022 |title=Periodic Law of Chemistry Overturns for Superheavy Elements |type=preprint |url=https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/63730be974b7b6d84cfdda35 |journal=[[ChemRxiv]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi=10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-l798p |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(+1),<ref name=Thayer>{{cite journal |last1=Thayer |first1=John S. |journal=Relativistic Methods for Chemists |title=Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements |series=Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics |year=2010 |volume=10 |page=84 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2|isbn=978-1-4020-9974-8 }}</ref> ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+2'''}}), (+4), (+6){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name=Cao>{{cite journal |last1=Cao |first1=Chang-Su |last2=Hu |first2=Han-Shi |last3=Schwarz |first3=W. H. Eugen |last4=Li |first4=Jun |date=2022 |title=Periodic Law of Chemistry Overturns for Superheavy Elements |type=preprint |url=https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/63730be974b7b6d84cfdda35 |journal=[[ChemRxiv]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi=10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-l798p |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=(+1), ({{resize|1=112%|2='''+3'''}}){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name=Amador>{{cite journal |last1=Amador |first1=Davi H. T. |last2=de Oliveira |first2=Heibbe C. B. |first3=Julio R. |last3=Sambrano |first4=Ricardo |last4=Gargano |first5=Luiz Guilherme M. |last5=de Macedo |date=12 September 2016 |title=4-Component correlated all-electron study on Eka-actinium Fluoride (E121F) including Gaunt interaction: Accurate analytical form, bonding and influence on rovibrational spectra |journal=Chemical Physics Letters |volume=662 |pages=169–175 |doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.025|bibcode=2016CPL...662..169A |hdl=11449/168956 }}</ref>

|complete|complete_no_comment|#default=({{resize|1=112%|2='''+4'''}}){{#ifeq:{{{format|complete}}}|complete_no_comment||&#x20;{{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment|comment=predicted|engvar={{{engvar|}}}}}}}<ref name="Pyykkö2011">{{Cite journal|last1=Pyykkö|first1=Pekka|author-link=Pekka Pyykkö|title=A suggested periodic table up to Z ≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms and ions|journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics|volume=13|issue=1|pages=161–8|year=2011|pmid=20967377|doi=10.1039/c0cp01575j|bibcode = 2011PCCP...13..161P }}</ref>

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