Ammonium permanganate: Difference between revisions
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Script assisted update of identifiers for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'KEGG', 'CASNo'). |
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| ImageFile = Ammonium permanganate.png |
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| OtherNames = Ammonium permanganate |
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| IUPACName = Ammonium manganate(VII) |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = PASCZIGWJWZUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-O |
| StdInChIKey = PASCZIGWJWZUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-O |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 13446-10-1 --> |
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| CASNo = 13446-10-1 |
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| SMILES = |
| PubChem = 61604 |
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| SMILES = [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[N+] |
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| KEGG_Ref = |
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| KEGG = |
| KEGG = |
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| UNNumber = 3085, 1482 |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 136.974 g/mol |
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| Appearance = rhombic needle crystals or powder with rich violet-brown or dark purple metallic sheen, become steel-gray in storage;<br/>magenta–rose in solution |
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| Density = 2.2g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid |
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| MeltingPt = ''decomposes'' |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| Solubility = 8.0 g/100 ml at 15 °C |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = [[Orthorhombic]] |
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|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| DeltaHf = |
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| DeltaHc = |
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| Entropy = |
| Entropy = J.K<sup>−1</sup>.mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| HeatCapacity = }} |
| HeatCapacity = }} |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalSDS = [ External MSDS] |
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| MainHazards = Oxidant ('''O'''), Harmful ('''Xn'''), Dangerous for the environment ('''N''') |
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| HPhrases = {{HPhrases|}} |
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| PPhrases = {{PPhrases|}} |
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| NFPA-F =0 |
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| NFPA-H =0 |
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| NFPA-F =0 |
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| NFPA-R =3 |
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| FlashPt = |
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| AutoignitionPt = |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = [[Ammonium perrhenate]] |
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| OtherCations = [[Sodium permanganate]]; [[Potassium permanganate]] |
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| OtherFunction = |
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| OtherFunction_label = [[Permanganates]] |
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| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|[[Potassium manganate]] (K<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub>)|[[Manganese heptoxide]]}} |
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[[Sodium permanganate]]; [[Potassium permanganate]] |
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'''Ammonium permanganate''' is the [[chemical compound]] NH<sub>4</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub>, or [[ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]]·[[permanganic acid|HMnO<sub>4</sub>]]. It is |
'''Ammonium permanganate''' is the [[chemical compound]] NH<sub>4</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub>, or [[ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]]·[[permanganic acid|HMnO<sub>4</sub>]]. It is a water soluble, violet-brown or dark purple salt. |
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== Preparation == |
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:AgMnO<sub>4</sub> + NH<sub>4</sub>Cl → AgCl + NH<sub>4</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub> |
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⚫ | Ammonium permanganate was first prepared by [[Eilhard Mitscherlich]] in 1824 by reaction of [[silver permanganate]] with equal molar amount of [[ammonium chloride]], filtering the silver chloride and evaporating the water. |
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It can also be prepared in a similar way from [[potassium permanganate]] and [[ammonium chloride]]. |
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:KMnO<sub>4</sub> +NH<sub>4</sub>Cl → KCl + NH<sub>4</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub> |
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⚫ | Ammonium permanganate decomposes slowly in storage even at normal temperatures. A sample stored for 3 months was only 96% pure, after 6 months it assumed color of iodine and had strong smell of nitrogen oxides. It emits toxic fumes when decomposed by heat.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | author1 = Seymour M. Kaye | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items | volume = 8 | year = 1978 }}</ref> |
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== Properties == |
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Quaternary ammonium permanganate compounds can be prepared, such as tetrabutylammonium permanganate.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://orgprepdaily.wordpress.com/2008/03/16/tetrabutylammonium-permanganate/ | title = Tetrabutylammonium Permanganate | date = March 16, 2008 | author = Org Prep Daily }}</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=November 2009}} |
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Ammonium permanganate is a strong [[oxidizer]], owing to its [[permanganate]] anion, and it is a moderately strong [[explosive]], owing to the combination of oxidizer permanganate anion and reducing [[ammonium]] cation. Dry ammonium permanganate can [[detonate]] by heat, shock, or friction, and it may explode at temperatures above 140 °F (60 °C).<ref>{{cite web|date=February 1988|title=MSDS Chemical Information File: Ammonium Permanganate|url=http://www.textfiles.com/science/CHEMICALS/ammonium_permanganate.txt}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Ammonium permanganate decomposes slowly in storage even at normal temperatures. A sample stored for 3 months was only 96% pure, after 6 months it assumed color of iodine and had strong smell of nitrogen oxides. It emits toxic fumes when decomposed by heat.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | author1 = Seymour M. Kaye |title=Permanganates - Ammonium Permanganate| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items | volume = 8 | year = 1978 |page=P178}}</ref> |
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[[Quaternary ammonium]] permanganate compounds can be prepared, such as [[tetrabutylammonium]] permanganate<ref>{{cite journal | journal= Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications |title= Tetrabutylammonium permanganate: an efficient oxidant for organic substrates |first1= Tony |last1= Sala |first2= Melvyn V. |last2= Sargent |year= 1978 |issue= 6 |pages= 253–254 |doi= 10.1039/C39780000253 }}</ref> and benzyltriethylammonium permanganate.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Benzyl(triethyl)ammonium Permanganate |first1= H.-Jürgen |last1= Schmidt |first2 =Hans J. |last2= Schäfer |journal= Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | volume= 18 |issue= 1 |pages= 68–69 |date= January 1979 |doi= 10.1002/anie.197900681 }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Ammonium salts}} |
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{{Permanganates}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Permanganate}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Permanganate}} |
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[[Category:Pyrotechnic oxidizers]] |
[[Category:Pyrotechnic oxidizers]] |
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[[Category:Explosive chemicals]] |
[[Category:Explosive chemicals]] |
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{{inorganic-compound-stub}} |
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[[pl:Manganian(VII) amonu]] |
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[[zh:高锰酸铵]] |