Ammonium sulfite: Difference between revisions

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 423218139

| ImageFile = Ammonium sulfite.svg

| ImageSize =

| ImageFile1 = Ammonium-sulfite-3D-balls.png

| ImageSize1 = 230px

| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of two ammonium cations and one sulfite anion

| IUPACName = Ammonium sulfite

| OtherNames = Ammonium sulphite, Diammonium sulfite, Diammonium sulfonate, Sulfurous acid, Diammonium salt, Sulfurous acid, ammonium salt(1:2)

| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 8LF589Y5GD

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CASNo = 10196-04-0

| PubChem = 25041

| UNNumber = 3077

| RTECS =

| EC_number = 233-484-9

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties

| Formula = (NH₄)₂SO₃

| MolarMass = 116.14 g/mol

| Appearance = colourless<ref name="chementity">{{cite web|url=http://www.chemthes.com/entity_datapage.php?id=3512|title=Chemical Entity Data Page|publisher=}}</ref> [[hygroscopic]] crystals<ref name="MSDS"/>

| Density =

| Solubility = 35 g/100 mL<ref name="chementity"/>

32.4g/100mL at 0 degrees Celsius<ref name="pubchem"/>

60.4g/100mL at 100 degrees Celsius<ref name="pubchem"/>

| SolubleOther = Insoluble in acetone and alcohol<ref name="MSDS"/>

| RefractIndex = 1.515.<ref name="pubchem"/>

| MeltingPtC = 65

| MeltingPt_notes = decomposes<ref name="chementity"/>

| BoilingPt =

| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalSDS =

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}

| GHSSignalWord = Danger

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|264|280|301+330+331|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|332+313|337+313|362|363|405|501}}

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-H = 2

| NFPA-R = 0

| FlashPt = Not Flammable<ref name="MSDS"/>

}}

| Section8 = {{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = [[Ammonium hydroxide]] [[Ammonium thiosulfate]] [[Ammonium sulfate]] [[Ammonium bisulfate]] [[Ammonium persulfate]]

| OtherCations = [[Sodium sulfite]]<br />[[Potassium sulfite]]

| OtherCompounds =

:{{chem2 | 2 NH3 + SO2 + H2O -> (NH4)2SO3 }}

Ammonium sulfite is produced in gas scrubbers, now obsolete, consisting of ammonium hydroxide to remove sulfur dioxide from emissions from power plants. The conversion is the basis of the '''Walther Process'''. The resulting ammonium sulfite can be air oxidized to give [[ammonium sulfate]].<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Karl-Heinz Zapp|title=Ammonium Compounds|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2012|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location= Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a02_243|isbn=978-3527306732 }}</ref><!--<ref name="Stack gas">"Stack gas cleanup by ammonia injection", ''Chem. Eng. News'', 1972, 50 (37), pp. 54–56</ref><ref name="Acid Plant">"Acid Plant Gas Scrubber", ''Chem. Eng. News'', 1955, 33 (20), pp. 2148–2149</ref>-->

==Uses==

Ammonium sulfite is the precursor to [[ammonium thiosulfate]], by reaction with elemental sulfur.

===Niche===

For cosmetics, ammonium sulfite is used as a hair straightening agent and a hair waving agent.<ref name="Cosmetics">[http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details&id=31900 Europe. European Commission. Health and Consumers. Cosmetics] - CosIng [Cosmetics Directive (v.1)]. European Commission. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.</ref> Ammonium based hair products have been made to replace [[sodium hydroxide]]-based products due to the destructive nature of sodium hydroxide on hair.

The most common food product with ammonium sulfite is caramel coloring [[Caramel color|E150d]]. According to the FDA, caramel coloring contains ammonium, potassium, or sodium sulfite.<ref name="FDA">[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?FR=73.85 United States. FDA. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Health and Human Services. 1 Apr. 2011. Web]</ref>

Ammonium sulfite is used as a preservative for fixers in photography. When film photographs are being developed ammonium sulfite can be one of the reducing agents used to preserve the [[Photographic fixer|hypo]] ([[sodium thiosulfate]] or ammonium thiosulfate).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Haist|first=Grant Milford|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251467968|title=Modern photographic processing.|date=1979|publisher=Wiley|isbn=0-471-02228-4|location=New York|oclc=251467968}}</ref>

Ammonium sulfite can also be used in the making of bricks. The bricks made using ammonium sulfite are mainly used for blast furnace linings.<ref name="Merck">O'Neil, Maryadele J. ''The Merck Index: an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals''. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck, 2001. 561. Print.</ref>

Ammonium sulfite can be included in lubricants for cold metal working. The lubricants are intended to reduce friction to keep heat production down and keep impurities out of the metals.<ref name="Merck"/>

==Chemical properties==

Ammonium sulfite is a reducing agent.<ref name="chembook">{{cite web|url=http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_DE_CB0309297.htm|title=Ammoniumsulfit - 10196-04-0|publisher=}}</ref> It emits sulfur dioxide and [[Nitrogen oxide|oxides of nitrogen]] upon heating to decomposition.

The specific gravity of ammonium sulfite is 1.41.<ref name="MSDS">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922932 |title=Material Safety Data Sheet: Ammonium sulfite MSDS. accessed Oct 19, 2011) |access-date=November 29, 2011 |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003202727/http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922932 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The refractive index of ammonium sulfite is 1.515.<ref name="pubchem">{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=167823|title=SID 167823 - PubChem|last=Pubchem|publisher=}}</ref>

{{Ammonium salts}}

{{Sulfites}}