Antimony oxychloride: Difference between revisions

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 427121338

| Name = Antimony oxychloride

| ImageFile = Antimony oxychloride solid.JPG

| ImageName =

| IUPACName = antimony oxide chloride

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| index1_label = Sb₄O₅Cl₂

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}

| CASNo = 7791-08-4

| CASNo1 = 12182-69-3

| ChemSpiderID = 7969749

| ChemSpiderID1 = 57524703

| DTXSID1 = DTXSID70153375

| EC_number = 232-238-8

| EC_number1 = 235-347-9

| PubChem = 9793982

| PubChem1 = 44151635

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}

| UNII = Y7P96CY2ZK

| StdInChI=1S/ClH.O.Sb/h1H;;/q;-2;+3/p-1

| StdInChIKey = LIRSFCJKZQBJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-M

| SMILES = [O-2].[Cl-].[Sb+3]

| InChI1=1S/2ClH.5O.4Sb/h2*1H;;;;;;;;;/q;;5*-2;4*+3/p-2

| InChIKey1 = QXGIXMVRTVXTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L

| SMILES1 = [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sb+3].[Sb+3].[Sb+3].[Sb+3]

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = SbOCl

| MolarMass = 173.21 g/mol

| Density =

| MeltingPtC = 280

| BoilingPt =

| Solubility = insoluble

|Section3={{Chembox Related

| OtherCompounds = {{Unbulleted list|[[Nitrosyl chloride]]}}

}}

| Reference = <ref>{{cite journal |title= Physiochemical analysis of antimony trioxide–antimony trichloride, antimony trioxide–antimony tribromide systems |last1= Nurgaliev |first1= B. Z. |last2= Popovkin |first2= B. A. |last3= Novoselova |first3= A. V. |journal= Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii |year= 1981 |volume= 26 |issue= 4 |pages= 1043–1047 }}</ref>

'''Antimony oxychloride''', known since the 15th century, has been known by a plethora of alchemical names. Since the compound functions as both an [[emetic]] and a [[laxative]], it was originally used as a purgative.

==History==

Its production was first described by [[Basil Valentine]] in Currus Triumphalis Antimonii. In 1659, [[Johann Rudolf Glauber]] gave a relatively exact chemical interpretation of the reaction.

[[Vittorio Algarotti]] introduced the substance into medicine, and derivatives of his name (algarot, algoroth) were associated with this compound for many years.

The exact composition was unknown for a very long time. The suggestion of SbOCl being a mixture of antimony trichloride and antimony oxide or pure SbOCl were raised. Today the hydrolysis of antimony trichloride is understood; first the SbOCl oxychloride is formed which later forms Sb₄O₅Cl₂.

==Natural occurrence==

Neither SbOCl nor the latter compound occur naturally. However, onoratoite is a known Sb-O-Cl mineral, its composition being Sb₈Cl₂O₁₁.<ref name="MayerováJohnsson2006">{{cite journal|last1=Mayerová|first1=Zuzana|last2=Johnsson|first2=Mats|last3=Lidin|first3=Sven|title=The structure of onoratoite, (, Br) revisited|journal=Solid State Sciences|volume=8|issue=7|year=2006|pages=849–854|issn=1293-2558|doi=10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2006.04.010}}</ref><ref name="MenchettiSabelli1984">{{cite journal|last1=Menchetti|first1=S.|last2=Sabelli|first2=C.|last3=Trosti-Ferroni|first3=R.|title=The structures of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2 and Sb8O11Cl2.6H2O|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|volume=40|issue=9|year=1984|pages=1506–1510|issn=0108-2701|doi=10.1107/S0108270184008532|bibcode=1984AcCrC..40.1506M }}</ref><ref name="BelluominiFornaseri2018">{{cite journal|last1=Belluomini|first1=G.|last2=Fornaseri|first2=M.|last3=Nicoletti|first3=M.|title=Onoratoite, a new antimony oxychloride, from Cetine di Cotorniano, Rosia (Siena, Italy)|journal=Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society|volume=36|issue=284|year=2018|pages=1037–1044|issn=0369-0148|doi=10.1180/minmag.1968.036.284.01}}</ref><ref name="RoperLeverett2018">{{cite journal|last1=Roper|first1=Adam J.|last2=Leverett|first2=Peter|last3=Murphy|first3=Timothy D.|last4=Williams|first4=Peter A.|title=The stability of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2, in the supergene environment|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=78|issue=7|year=2018|pages=1671–1675|issn=0026-461X|doi=10.1180/minmag.2014.078.7.10|s2cid=99331237}}</ref><ref name="LidinJohnsson2009">{{cite journal|last1=Lidin|first1=Sven|last2=Johnsson|first2=Mats|last3=Hugonin|first3=Zuzana|title=Modulations in the onoratoite system|journal=Solid State Sciences|volume=11|issue=7|year=2009|pages=1198–1205|issn=1293-2558|doi=10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.03.009|bibcode=2009SSSci..11.1198L}}</ref>

==Alternative historical names==

* mercurius vitæ ("mercury of life")

* powder of algaroth<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lavoisier|first=Antoine-Laurent de (1743-1794). Auteur du texte|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8615746s/f37.image.r=.langEN|title=Traité élémentaire de chimie, présenté dans un ordre nouveau, et d'après les découvertes modernes; Avec figures; Par M. Lavoisier,...|publisher=A Paris, chez Cuchet, libraire, rue & hôtel Serpente. M. DCC. LXXXIX. Sous le privilège de l'Académie des sciences & de la Société royale de médecine|year=1789|location=France|pages=Préliminaire XXV, "poudre d'algaroth"|language=fr|trans-title=Treatise Elementary of Chemistry, Presented in a New Order, and after the Discoveries Modern; with Figures; by M. Lavoisier, ... (author of text)}}</ref>

* algarel

* Pulvis angelicus.

==Synthesis==

Dissolving [[antimony trichloride]] in water yields antimony oxychloride:

<references/>

==Further reading==

* {{Cite web

| last = Chambers

| first = Ephraim

| title = Cyclopaedia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences

| date = 1728

| url =http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/HistSciTech/Cyclopaedia

|access-date=25 May 2013}}

*José Rodríguez has published a complete study devoted to the commercial network of chemical medicines developed by Vittorio Algarotti: [http://www.revistaazogue.com/azogue6.htm ''The First Commercial Network of a Chymical Medicine'':]

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1002/zaac.19030330137| title =Das System (SbCl3-HCl-H2O)| year =1902| last1 =Van Bemmelen| first1 =J. M.| last2 =Meerburg| first2 =P. A.| last3 =Noodt| first3 =U. Huber| journal =Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie| volume =33| pages =272–310| url =https://zenodo.org/record/1428098}}

*{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=w9Y8AAAAcAAJ| title =Traité de l'antimoine| last1 =Lémery| first1 =Nicolas| year =1707}}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1002/ckon.19990060403| title =Chemiehistorische Experimente: Erze als Ausgangsprodukte für die Herstellung von Arzneimitteln| year =1999| last1 =Soukup| first1 =Rudolf Werner| journal =Chemkon| volume =6| issue =4| pages =171–177}}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1107/S056774087800833X| title =The crystal structure of antimony(III) chloride oxide Sb4O5Cl2| year =1978| last1 =Särnstrand| first1 =C.| journal =Acta Crystallographica Section B| volume =34| issue =8| pages =2402–2407| bibcode =1978AcCrB..34.2402S| doi-access =free}}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1021/ed052p189| title =Synthesis, properties, and hydrolysis of antimony trichloride| year =1975| last1 =Hentz| first1 =F. C.| last2 =Long| first2 =G. G.| journal =Journal of Chemical Education| volume =52| issue =3| pages =189| bibcode =1975JChEd..52..189H}}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.3891/acta.chem.scand.01-0178| title =On the Crystal Structure of the Antimony Oxychloride Sb4O5Cl2 and Isomorphous Oxybromide| year =1947| last1 =Edstrand| first1 =Maja| last2 =Brodersen| first2 =Rolf| last3 =Sillén| first3 =Lars Gunnar| last4 =Linnasalmi| first4 =Annikki| last5 =Laukkanen| first5 =Pentti| journal =Acta Chemica Scandinavica| volume =1| pages =178–203| doi-access =free}}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1002/jlac.18691520307| title =VI. Ueber krystallisirtes Algarothpulver und Antimonoxychlorür| year =1869| last1 =Schaeffer| first1 =L.| journal =Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie| volume =152| issue =3| pages =314–318| url =https://zenodo.org/record/1427293}}

*{{cite journal | url =https://www.jim.or.jp/journal/e/pdf3/44/08/1624.pdf | title =Hydrolysis of Antimony(III)-Hydrochloric Acid Solution at 25°C | access-date =25 May 2013 | archive-date =23 April 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210423084208/https://www.jim.or.jp/journal/e/pdf3/44/08/1624.pdf | url-status =dead }}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1080/14786444708645830| title =On the preparation and composition of the salts of antimony| year =1847| last1 =Peligot| first1 =M.E.| journal =Philosophical Magazine |series=Series 3| volume =31| issue =207| pages =230–233| url =https://zenodo.org/record/1431083}}

*{{cite book| url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GlpwaxBa9A4C | page =[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GlpwaxBa9A4C/page/n443 441] |title=Historia di Verona | publisher =Rossi |access-date=25 May 2013|last1=Moscardo |first1=Lodovico |year=1668 }}

*{{cite journal| doi =10.1002/zaac.19613120503 |title=Über Antimon(V)-oxidchloride |journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie |volume=312 |issue=5–6 |pages=237–243 | year =1961 | last1 =Dehnicke | first1 =Kurt |language=de }}

{{antimony compounds}}

[[Category:Antimony(III) compounds]]

[[Category:Emetics]]

[[Category:History of pharmacy]]

[[Category:Oxychlorides]]

[[Category:Drugs with no legal status]]