Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Fabomotizole: Difference between pages

{{Short description|Anxiolytic drug}}

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 477243457

| IUPAC_name = 4-[2-[(6-ethoxy-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]ethyl]morpholine

| synonyms = Obenoxazine

| image = Fabomotizole.svg

| width = 250px

| image2 = Фабомотизол.png

| width2 = 250px

| tradename = Afobazole

| legal_US = unscheduled

| legal_US_comment = Not FDA approved

| bioavailability = 43.64%, pronounced [[first-pass effect]]

| metabolism = extensive hepatic

| onset = 0.85±0.13 hours

| elimination_half-life = 0.82±0.54 hours

| excretion =

<!-- Identifiers -->

| CAS_number = 173352-21-1

| CAS_supplemental =

| IUPHAR_ligand =

| DrugBank = DB13623

| UNII = 0F8K1X115C

| KEGG = D10561

| ChEBI = 135309

| ChEMBL = 3707307

| NIAID_ChemDB =

| PDB_ligand =

| smiles = CCOc3ccc2nc(SCCN1CCOCC1)[nH]c2c3

[[File:Afobazole.jpg|thumb|Afobazole from Russia]]

'''Fabomotizole''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|INN]];<ref>{{cite journal|title=International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN)|journal=WHO Drug Information|date=2012|volume=26|issue=1|page=63|url=https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/issues/RL67.pdf|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> brand name '''Afobazole''') is an [[anxiolytic]] [[drug]] launched in Russia in the early 2000s. It produces [[anxiolytic]] and [[neuroprotective]] effects without any [[sedative]] or [[muscle relaxant]] actions.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=August 2017}} Its [[mechanism of action]] remains poorly defined however, with [[GABAergic]], [[nerve growth factor|NGF]]- and [[BDNF]]-release-promoting, [[Melatonin receptor 1A|MT1]] [[receptor agonism]], [[Melatonin receptor 1C|MT3]] [[receptor antagonism]], and [[sigma receptor|sigma agonism]] suggested as potential mechanisms. Fabomotizole was shown to inhibit MAO-A reversibly and there might be also some involvement with [[serotonin]] receptors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neznamov GG, Siuniakov SA, Chumakov DV, Bochkarev VK, Seredenin SB | title = [Clinical study of the selective anxiolytic agent afobazol] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 64 | issue = 2 | pages = 15–19 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11548440 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Silkina IV, Gan'shina TC, Seredin SB, Mirzoian RS | title = [Gabaergic mechanism of cerebrovascular and neuroprotective effects of afobazole and picamilon] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 68 | issue = 1 | pages = 20–24 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15786959 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Seredin SB, Melkumian DS, Val'dman EA, Iarkova MA, Seredina TC, Voronin MV, Lapitskaia AS | title = [Effects of afobazole on the BDNF content in brain structures of inbred mice with different phenotypes of emotional stress reaction] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 69 | issue = 3 | pages = 3–6 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16878488 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Antipova TA, Sapozhnikova DS, Bakhtina LI, Seredenin SB | title = [Selective anxiolytic afobazole increases the content of BDNF and NGF in cultured hippocampal HT-22 line neurons] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 12–14 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19334503 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Seredenin SB, Antipova TA, Voronin MV, Kurchashova SY, Kuimov AN | title = Interaction of afobazole with sigma1-receptors | journal = Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine | volume = 148 | issue = 1 | pages = 42–44 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19902093 | doi = 10.1007/s10517-009-0624-x | s2cid = 37411324 }}</ref> Clinical trials have shown fabomotizole to be well tolerated and reasonably effective for the treatment of anxiety.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Medvedev VE, Trosnova AP, Dobrovol'skiĭ AV | title = [Psychopharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in patients with cardio-vascular diseases: the use of aphobazole] | journal = Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova | volume = 107 | issue = 7 | pages = 25–29 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18379478 }}</ref>

Experiments in mice have shown antimutagenic and antiteratogenic properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Durnev AD, Zhanataev AK, Shreder OV, Seredenin SB | title = [Antimutagenic and antiteratogenic properties of afobazole] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–51 | date = Jan–Feb 2009 | pmid = 19334511 }}</ref>

Experiments in rats have shown beneficial effect in the model of ischemic stroke.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Katnik C, Garcia A, Behensky AA, Yasny IE, Shuster AM, Seredenin SB, Petrov AV, Seifu S, McAleer J, Willing A, Cuevas J | title = Treatment with afobazole at delayed time points following ischemic stroke improves long-term functional and histological outcomes | journal = Neurobiol Dis | volume = 62 | pages = 354-364 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24141021| doi = 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.10.011 }}</ref>

Fabomotizole has found little clinical use outside Russia and has not been evaluated by the FDA.

== See also ==

* [[Mebicar]]

* [[Phenibut]]

* [[Selank]]

* [[Validol]]

* [[Bemethyl]]

* [[List of Russian drugs]]

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Anxiolytics}}

{{Melatonin receptor modulators}}

{{Sigma receptor modulators}}

[[Category:Anxiolytics]]

[[Category:Drugs with unknown mechanisms of action]]

[[Category:4-Morpholinyl compounds]]

[[Category:Thioethers]]

[[Category:Benzimidazoles]]

[[Category:Phenol ethers]]

[[Category:Russian drugs]]

[[Category:Melatonin receptor antagonists]]

[[Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]]

[[Category:Sigma agonists]]

[[Category:Ethoxy compounds]]