Pullulan: Difference between revisions

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| ImageFile = Pullulan.png

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| OtherNames = E1204

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| CASNo = 9057-02-7

| EINECS = 232-945-1

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| Formula = (C6H12O5)n

| Formula = (C6H10O5)n

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| Appearance = White powder

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'''Pullulan''' is a [[polysaccharide]] [[polymer]] consisting of [[maltotriose]] units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-[[glucan]]'. Three [[glucose]] units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 [[glycosidic bond]], whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 [[glycosidic bond]]. Pullulan is produced from [[starch]] by the [[fungus]] ''[[Aureobasidium pullulans]]''.

'''Pullulan''' is a [[polysaccharide]] [[polymer]] consisting of [[maltotriose]] units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-[[glucan]]'. Three [[glucose]] units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 [[glycosidic bond]], whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 [[glycosidic bond]]. Pullulan is produced from [[starch]] by the [[fungus]] ''[[Aureobasidium pullulans]]''. Pullulan is mainly used by the cell to resist [[desiccation]] and [[predation]]. The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell.<ref name=Rehm>{{cite book |author=Rehm B.H.A |year=2009 |title=Microbial production of biopolymers and polymers precursors |page=230 |publisher=Caister Academic Press }}</ref>

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As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or [[oral hygiene]] products such as [[Listerine]] Cool Mint of Johnson and Johnson (USA) and Meltz Super Thin Mints of Avery Bio-Tech Private Ltd. (India). Pullulan and [[Hypromellose|HPMC]] can also be used as a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] substitute for drug capsules, rather than gelatine. As a [[food additive]], it is known by the [[E number]] E1204.

Pullulan has also be explored as natural polymeric [[Biomaterial|biomaterials]] to fabricated [[Injection (medicine)|injectable]] scaffold for [[bone]] [[tissue engineering]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fricain |first=Jean Christophe |last2=Schlaubitz |first2=Silke |last3=Le Visage |first3=Catherine |last4=Arnault |first4=Isabelle |last5=Derkaoui |first5=Sidi Mohammed |last6=Siadous |first6=Robin |last7=Catros |first7=Sylvain |last8=Lalande |first8=Charlotte |last9=Bareille |first9=Reine |last10=Renard |first10=Martine |last11=Fabre |first11=Thierry |last12=Cornet |first12=Sandro |last13=Durand |first13=Marlène |last14=Léonard |first14=Alain |last15=Sahraoui |first15=Nouredine |date=2013-04-01 |title=A nano-hydroxyapatite – Pullulan/dextran polysaccharide composite macroporous material for bone tissue engineering |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014296121300077X |journal=Biomaterials |language=en |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=2947–2959 |doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.049 |issn=0142-9612}}</ref> [[cartilage]] tissue engineering,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Feng |last2=Yu |first2=Songrui |last3=Liu |first3=Bing |last4=Ni |first4=Yunzhou |last5=Yu |first5=Chunyang |last6=Su |first6=Yue |last7=Zhu |first7=Xinyuan |last8=Yu |first8=Xiaowei |last9=Zhou |first9=Yongfeng |last10=Yan |first10=Deyue |date=2016-01-28 |title=An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20014 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=20014 |doi=10.1038/srep20014 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=4730219 }}</ref> and [[intervertebral disc]] regeneration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henry |first=Nina |last2=Clouet |first2=Johann |last3=Fragale |first3=Audrey |last4=Griveau |first4=Louise |last5=Chédeville |first5=Claire |last6=Véziers |first6=Joëlle |last7=Weiss |first7=Pierre |last8=Le Bideau |first8=Jean |last9=Guicheux |first9=Jérôme |last10=Le Visage |first10=Catherine |date=2017-01-01 |title=Pullulan microbeads/Si-HPMC hydrogel injectable system for the sustained delivery of GDF-5 and TGF-β1: new insight into intervertebral disc regenerative medicine |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362 |journal=Drug Delivery |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=999–1010 |doi=10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362 |issn=1071-7544 |pmc=8241148 |pmid=28645219}}</ref>

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As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or [[oral hygiene]] products such as [[Listerine]] Cool Mint. As a [[food additive]], it is known by the [[E number]] E1204.

==See also==

*[[Pullulanase]]

*[[Desiccation]]

== References ==

* [http://ift.confex.com/ift/2001/techprogram/paper_8310.htm Characteristics of pullulan based edible films] (abstract)

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041106011401/http://ift.confex.com/ift/2001/techprogram/paper_8310.htm Characteristics of pullulan based edible films] (abstract)

* [http://www.hayashibara.co.jp/hbl/product-spec/pu101.html Pullulan]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041025023650/http://www.hayashibara.co.jp/hbl/product-spec/pu101.html Pullulan]

* {{MeshName|pullulan}}

* [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Biochemicals/Enzyme_Explorer/Key_Resources/Carbohydrate_Analysis/Carbohydrate_AnalysisIII.html#Pullulanase Pullulan chemical diagram]

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[[Category:Polysaccharides]]

[[Category:Packaging materials]]

[[Category:E-number additives]]

== Further reading ==

[[ar:بولولان]]

[[de:Pullulan]]

* Saman Zarei; Faramarz Khodaiyan; Seyed Saeid Hosseini; John F. Kennedy. (October 2020) [https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/afb/article/view/29747 "Pullulan Production Using Molasses and Corn Steep Liquor as Agroindustrial Wastes: Physiochemical, Thermal and Rheological Properties"]. ''Applied Food Biotechnology'', Vol. 7 No. 4 (2020), 18 August 2020 , Page 263-272. https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v7i4.29747

[[es:Pululano]]

[[fr:Pullulane]]

[[nl:Pullulan]]

[[ja:プルラン]]