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In mathematics (in particular, functional analysis), convolution is a mathematical operation on two functions ( f {\displaystyle f} and g {\displaystyle...

directly used to compute broad-beam responses by distributing photons over the cross section of the beam. However, convolution can be used in certain cases...

Different dose calculation models are available, including pencil beam, convolution-superposition and monte carlo simulation, with precision versus computation...

the time-convolution property of the Fourier transform, multiplication in the time domain is a convolution in the frequency domain. Convolution between...

everywhere in the imaging space, the image of a complex object is then the convolution of that object and the PSF. The PSF can be derived from diffraction integrals...

In mathematics, deconvolution is the inverse of convolution. Both operations are used in signal processing and image processing. For example, it may be...

diffraction pattern is observed at the detector. The resulting image is a convolution of the ideal image with the Airy diffraction pattern due to diffraction...

element for the convolution on tempered distributions, and in fact, the space of compactly supported distributions under convolution is an associative...

effect of the different parts of an optical system is determined by the convolution of the point spread functions (PSF). The point spread function of a diffraction...

Cone tracing and beam tracing are a derivative of the ray tracing algorithm that replaces rays, which have no thickness, with thick rays. In ray tracing...

photon transport in biological tissue Monte Carlo method Convolution for optical broad-beam responses in scattering media Monte Carlo methods for electron...

a beam can be modeled as a linear system where the input stimulus is the load on the beam and the output response is the deflection of the beam. The...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen...

monochromatic beams from a single source always interfere.: 286  Wave sources are not strictly monochromatic: they may be partly coherent. Beams from different...

electron beam only penetrates to a limited depth before being absorbed, typically up to 5 cm for electron energies in the range 5–20 MeV. An electron beam can...

source using deep convolutional neural networks. Charge modulation spectroscopy Deconvolution Fluorescence microscope Focused ion beam Focus stacking Laser...

such as rubber. A bellows is made up of a series of convolutions, with the shape of the convolution designed to withstand the internal pressures of the...

needed]. The product of two Gaussian functions is a Gaussian, and the convolution of two Gaussian functions is also a Gaussian, with variance being the...

the light diffracted from each of the elements, and is essentially a convolution of diffraction and interference patterns. The figure shows the light...

alternative derivation gives good insight, but uses Fourier transforms and convolution. To be general, consider a scalar (real) quantity ϕ ( r ) {\displaystyle...