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Productive and unproductive labour are concepts that were used in classical political economy mainly in the 18th and 19th centuries, which survive today...

Child labour is the exploitation of children through any form of work that interferes with their ability to attend regular school, or is mentally, physically...

of punishment beyond imprisonment alone. Punitive labour encompasses two types: productive labour, such as industrial work; and intrinsically pointless...

income or to recognize its qualitative difference from income derived from productive work. Such a tax structure is often associated with a progressive income...

capitalist society, workers are alienated from their labour - they cannot decide on their own productive activities, nor can they use or own the value of...

economy operating through the use of labour vouchers would be an artificial market (arket) for mostly non-productive goods and services. As with the dissolution...

redistribution of labour, occurring during the process of separate agents exchanging their current productive labour for social labour set in goods received...

or proficiency at work. Prison labour wages are characteristically low. In the US, the average daily minimum wage for non-industry penal jobs was US$0.86...

Labour economics, or labor economics, seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied...

proportionable increase of the productive powers of labour." While they shared this belief, Durkheim believed the division of labour applied to all "biological...

and Non-equilibrium Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham, UK, Brookfield, US 1996. ISBN 978-1-85898-268-7. Hagendorf, Klaus: The Labour Theory...

where there is the opportunity to adopt a more productive technology and thus reduce the burden of labour, human beings will tend to take it. At the same...

capitalism, non-productive labour, such as child care, into productive labour, "thereby giving reproductive labour a status equivalent to productive labour". During...

International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards...

Census 2001 office, defines child labour as participation of a child less than 17 years of age in any economically productive activity with or without compensation...

on the labour of others is infinitely small compared with the mass of direct producers. Along with the progress in the productiveness of labour, that small...

way of producing") is a specific combination of the: Productive forces: these include human labour power and means of production (tools, machinery, factory...

The degree of labour market flexibility is the speed with which labour markets adapt to fluctuations and changes in society, the economy or production...

to better compensate more senior and ostensibly more experienced and productive workers without increasing overall wage costs. The employer wishes to...

the firms and democratically determine remuneration levels and labour divisions. Productive resources would be legally owned by the cooperative and rented...