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velocity of a seismic wave depends on density and elasticity of the medium as well as the type of wave. Velocity tends to increase with depth through Earth's...

reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator...

Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Seismic Intensity Scale (known in Japan as the Shindo seismic scale) is a seismic intensity scale used in Japan to categorize...

seismic energy release per unit volume. In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event that generates seismic waves...

region's seismic activity. The term was coined by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter in 1941. Seismicity is studied by geophysicists. Seismicity is...

Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that...

layers at any depth. There were instead more granites, deeper than predicted. The prediction of a transition at 7 kilometres was based on seismic waves indicating...

approximate depth to strata boundaries, or to bedrock, to be determined. P-wave refraction evaluates the compression wave generated by the seismic source located...

a function of depth are indicative of changes in phase or composition. Differences in arrival times of waves originating in a seismic event like an earthquake...

interchangeably. The term seismic sea wave is also used to refer to the phenomenon because the waves most often are generated by seismic activity such as earthquakes...

Seismic velocity structure is the distribution and variation of seismic wave speeds within Earth's and other planetary bodies' subsurface. It is reflective...

at a depth of 2,891 km (1,796 mi) below Earth's surface. The boundary is observed via the discontinuity in seismic wave velocities at that depth due to...

Depth conversion is an important step of the seismic reflection method, which converts the acoustic wave travel time to actual depth, based on the acoustic...

Finite-difference migration. Depth Migration is applied to seismic data in depth (regular Cartesian) coordinates, which must be calculated from seismic data in time coordinates...

Seismic anisotropy is the directional dependence of the velocity of seismic waves in a medium (rock) within the Earth. A material is said to be anisotropic...

seismic energy released by an earthquake, earthquakes differ in how much of their energy is radiated as seismic waves. They also differ in the depth at...

of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, oceanic microseism...

In geophysics, vertical seismic profile (VSP) is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data. The defining characteristic...

derivative with respect to time. Combining the last two equations one gets the seismic wave equation in homogeneous media ρ ∂ t 2 u i = λ ∂ i ∑ k ∂ k u k + μ...

Induced seismicity is typically earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on Earth's crust. Most induced...